1. Colonial America
Formations:

2. What’s the Deal with the British?
Unifying the English Nation:
What undermined England’s stability?
Social Unrest
English Civil War of the 1640s illuminated what?
England and Ireland:
England’s methods to subdue Ireland ...

3. English Colonization The Social Crisis
A worsening economy and the enclosure movement led ...
Unruly poor were encouraged to do what?
Sustained immigration ...
The English increasingly viewed America as a land where a man could control his own labor and thus gain independence, particularly through the ownership of land.

4. English Colonization 3 Gs. It was also argued that trade, not...
Between 1607 and 1700, a little over half a million persons left England.
Where did they settle?
The majority of settlers in North America were young, single men from the bottom rungs of English society.

5. Early Settlements Roanoke Colony:
The first English North American Colony (NOT IN ROANOKE VA, Off Coast of N. Carolina)
The Colony was NOT successful
Why:

7. Early Settlements The Chesapeake Region: Jamestown:
The First (1607)
Started by whom?
For what reason?
Almost failed due to disease and starvation
Ultimately succeeded due to Capt. John Smith’s …AND
Tobacco- “Brown Gold”- introduced by John Rolfe in 1612 and...
Starvation-
“Starving Time”- Winter of

9. Jamestown The expansion of tobacco production led to ...
Headright System-
Low class English but also first Africans
The first blacks arrived in 1619; the first hint of slavery in the colony.
Established House of Burgesses (1619)- Virginia’s colonial legislature, first representative body in North America

10. Jamestown Relations with the Natives:
The English were chiefly interested in ...
Powhatan, the leader of thirty tribes near Jamestown, eagerly traded with the English.
English-Indian relations were mostly peaceful early on.
Pocahontas “married” John Rolfe in 1614, symbolizing Anglo- Indian harmony.
The 17th century was marked by what between Natives and English?
Wars gave the English a heightened sense of superiority.

12. Early Settlements The Uprising of 1622
Once the English decided on a permanent colony instead of merely a trading post, conflict was inevitable.
Opechancanough led an attack on Virginia’s settlers in 1622.
The English forced the Indians to ...
The Virginia Company surrendered ...

13. Chesapeake Maryland: Maryland was established in 1632 as a
Cecilius Calvert.
Calvert imagined Maryland as a feudal domain.
Religion in Maryland
refuge for persecuted Catholics.
Most appointed officials initially were Catholic, but Protestants ...
Act of Toleration: 1649

14. New England The Rise of Puritanism
Puritanism emerged from …in England.
Puritans were persecuted in England.
Many Puritans immigrated to the New World why?
They came to America in search of liberty and the right to worship and govern themselves.

15. New England The Pilgrims at Plymouth:
Pilgrims sailed in 1620 to Cape Cod aboard the Mayflower.
the Mayflower Compact
Squanto provided much valuable help to the Pilgrims and the first Thanksgiving was “celebrated” in 1621.

16. New England The Great Migration:
The Massachusetts Bay Company was charted in 1629
New England settlement was very different from settlements in the Chesapeake colonies.
New England had a more equal balance of men and women.
New England enjoyed a healthier climate.
New England had more families.

17. New England Government and Society in Massachusetts
Massachusetts was organized into self-governing towns.
Each town had a Congregational Church and a school.
Harvard College was established in 1636.
The freemen of Massachusetts ...
Church government was decentralized.
Full church membership was...
No separation between church and state.

18. New England Puritans and Indians
Colonial leaders had differing opinions about the English right to claim Indian land.
The Pequot War
What led to the war?
Colonists warred against the Pequots in 1637, exterminating the tribe.
The New England Economy
Most were
Fishing and timber were exported, but

19. New England The Merchant Elite
A powerful merchant class rose up, assuming a growing role based on trade within the British empire.
Some clashed with the church and left to establish a new town, Portsmouth, in New Hampshire.
The Half-Way Covenant
By 1650, many Massachusetts residents had been baptized as infants but could not prove they had undergone the conversion experience necessary for full church membership.
The question arose?
In 1662, the Half-Way Covenant answered

20. New England Rhode Island and Connecticut: Roger Williams
A young Puritan minister, Williams preached
Williams believed that it was essential to separate church and state.
Banished from Massachusetts in 1636, Williams established Rhode Island...
Other spin-offs from Massachusetts included New Haven and Hartford, which joined to become the colony of Connecticut in 1662.
Treatment of Williams and Trials of Anne Hutchinson, showed

21. New York The Conquest of New Netherland
Competing with the Dutch for Trade supremacy
In 1664, during an Anglo-Dutch war
New York and the Rights of Englishmen and Englishwomen
The terms of Dutch surrender guaranteed some freedoms and liberties but reversed others, especially for blacks.
The Duke of York governed New York, and by 1700 nearly 2 million acres of land were owned by only five New York families.

22. The Carolinas Carolina was established as ...
Carolina was an offshoot; yet ...
From 1670 until 1720, Carolina engaged in ...
The economy grew slowly until
Split between N/S in 1712:
Two different plantation systems emerged:
N: Tobacco
S: Rice/Indigo

23. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania was the last A Quaker, Penn envisioned
Quakers believed that liberty was a universal entitlement.
Liberty extended to women, blacks, and Indians.
Religious freedom was a fundamental principle.

24. Pennsylvania
Penn established an assembly elected by male taxpayers and “freemen,” which meant that a majority of the male population could vote.
He owned all of the colony’s land and sold it to settlers at low prices rather than granting it outright.
Pennsylvania prospered under Penn’ s policies

25. The Remaining New Jersey:
Off shoot of New York. Granted by the Duke of York to his aristocratic buddies (1664)
Delaware:
Became an offshoot of Penn. Basically, granted independence from PA because of issues with ruling such a large colony.
Georgia:
Founded by James Oglethorpe as a haven for debtors
Also a buffer with Spain

26. Disruptions in Colonial Relations
A growing Society
Prosperity
Greater participation in government
More people participating in town meetings/assemblies.
Colonial Legislatures passing laws
Salutary Neglect
Growing public sphere
The Great Awakening:
Revival of fundamentalism
Greater religious diversity
Greater religious freedom

27. Disruptions in Colonial Relations
Imperial Rivalries:
Picked up steam in the 18th century
French and English fought over Ohio River Valley
Colonists pushing further Westward seeking more land
Come into conflict with Natives
Different Native groups side with different imperial power (not united)
French and Indian War
Fought for control over ?
Global conflict (7 years war)

30. Disruptions in Colonial Relations
French and Indian War (cont)
English end up winning.
Results:
France out of North America (keep islands off Newfoundland and West Indies)
Helps create sense of Colonial Identity
British incur huge debts; look to colonies for help
(TROUBLE)
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Proclamation line of 1763
Here Comes the Revolution!!