1. Verb Tenses

2. Verbs How do we use verbs?
Make Statements – expressing facts, opinions, describe thoughts and desires, etc.
Indicative
Ask Questions – seeking information about the subject
Interrogative
Give commands, advice, etc. to the subject
Imperative
Provide information about the subject
Linking (to a description)
Make “what if” statements
Conditional
If I won the lottery, I would take a month long trip to Alaska.
If pigs could fly, the world would be in trouble.

3. Verbs
Time is often, but not always, important when describing an action or state
Two aspects:
First, when:
Already happen? (Past)
Currently happening? (Present)
Has not yet happened? (Future)

4. Verbs Time is often important when describing an action or state
Two aspects:
Second, comparative time
Comparative time does not matter to what you are trying to say (Simple)
What did you do yesterday? I made cookies.

5. Verbs Time is often important when describing an action or state
Two aspects:
Second, comparative time
Comparative time does not matter to what you are trying to say (Simple)
The action is on-going at some important point in time (Continuous)
What were you doing when I called? I was making cookies.

6. Verbs Time is often important when describing an action or state
Two aspects:
Second, comparative time
Comparative time does not matter to what you are trying to say (Simple)
The action is on-going at some important point in time (Continuous)
The action was completed at some important point in time (Perfect)
What were you doing when I called? I had made cookies.

7. Verbs Time is often important when describing an action or state
Two aspects:
Second, comparative time
Comparative time does not matter to what you are trying to say (Simple)
The action is on-going at some important point in time (Continuous)
The action was completed at some important point in time (Perfect)
The action was on-going for some significant time; it may or may not be completed at the important point in time (Perfect Continuous)
You sounded tired when I called. I had been making cookies for hours!

8. Verb Tenses There are 12 verb tenses in English
The time element is reflected in the tense
When the “the important point of time” occurs (past, present, future), determines which tense to use
Simple
Continuous
(In-Process)
Perfect
(Completed)
Perfect Continuous
Present
Simple Present
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Simple Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Future
Simple Future
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous

9. Forming Verb Tenses
Two primary ways our various languages create verb tenses
Conjugation -> change the form of the verb
Walk/walked; run/ran; sleep/slept; play/played
Use of Auxiliary (or Helping) Verbs -> use of additional specific verbs to provide the information
Ex: I will walk around the lake.
Ex: I had been walking around the park.
Most languages use both, but to different degrees

10. Background
English both, but uses auxiliary verbs far more than most other languages
Conjugation -> English has 5 verbs forms
Auxiliary (or Helping verbs) -> English uses two:
To be -> to make continuous tenses -> express the idea of an on-going activity
Ex: He is watching TV.
He was watching a movie.
To have -> to make perfect tenses -> a completed action or event as of a specific point in time
Ex: I have finished my homework.
Ex: I will have finished my homework by tomorrow morning.

11. I Corinthians 13:4-8
4Love is patient and kind. Love is not jealous or boastful or proud 5or rude. Love does not demand its own way. Love is not irritable, and it keeps no record of when it has been wronged. 6It is never glad about injustice but rejoices whenever the truth wins out. 7Love never gives up, never loses faith, is always hopeful, and endures through every circumstance. 8 Love will last forever, … 13There are three things that will endure – faith, hope, and love – and the greatest of these is love.

12. I Corinthians 13:4-8
4Love is patient and kind. Love is not jealous or boastful or proud 5or rude. Love does not demand its own way. Love is not irritable, and it keeps no record of when it has been wronged. 6It is never glad about injustice but rejoices whenever the truth wins out. 7Love never gives up, never loses faith, is always hopeful, and endures through every circumstance. 8 Love will last forever, … 13There are three things that will endure – faith, hope, and love – and the greatest of these is love.
Love is patient and kind time independent; no helping verbs
Love is not jealous time independent; no helping verbs
Love does not demand its own way. time independent; helping verbs (do – to create negative); later lesson
Love is not irritable time independent; no helping verbs
it keeps no record time independent; no helping verbs
it has been wronged. event completed in the past; helping verb “have”
It is never glad time independent; no helping verbs
but rejoices whenever the truth wins out time independent; no helping verbs
Love never gives up, time independent; no helping verbs
never loses faith, time independent; no helping verbs
is always hopeful, time independent; no helping verbs
endures through every circumstance. time independent; no helping verbs
Love will last forever, time independent; helping verb “will” to create future
There are three things time independent; no helping verbs
that will endure – faith, hope, and love – time independent; helping verb “will” to create future
the greatest of these is love. time independent; no helping verb

14. Verbs
Time is often, but not always, important when describing an action or state:
When: already happen? (Past); currently happening? (Present); has not yet happened? (Future)
Comparative Time:
Comparative time does not matter to what you are trying to say (Simple)
What did you do yesterday? I made cookies.
The action is on-going at some important point in time (Continuous)
What were you doing when I called? I was making cookies.
The action was completed at some important point in time (Perfect)
What were you doing when I called? I had made cookies.
The action was on-going for some significant time; it may or may not be completed at the important point in time (Perfect Continuous)
You sounded tired when I called. “I had been making cookies for hours”.

15. Verb Tenses The time element is reflected in the tense
There are 12 verb tenses in English
When the “the important point of time” occurs (past, present, future), determines which tense to use
Simple
Continuous
(In-Process)
Perfect
(Completed)
Perfect Continuous
Present
Simple Present
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Simple Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Future
Simple Future
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous

16. Forming Verb Tenses
Two primary ways our various languages create verb tenses
Conjugation -> change the form of the verb
Walk/walked; run/ran; sleep/slept; play/played
Use of Auxiliary (or Helping) Verbs -> use of additional specific verbs to provide the information
Ex: I will walk around the lake.
Ex: I had walked around the park.
Most languages use both, but to different degrees

17. Forming Verb Tenses
English uses both, but uses auxiliary verbs far more than most other languages
Conjugation -> English has 5 verbs forms
Auxiliary (or Helping verbs) -> English uses two:
To be -> to make continuous tenses -> express the idea of an on-going activity
Ex: He is watching TV.
He was watching a movie.
To have -> to make perfect tenses -> a completed action or event as of a specific point in time
Ex: I have finished my homework.
Ex: I will have finished my homework by tomorrow morning.

18. I Corinthians 13:4-8
4Love is patient and kind. Love is not jealous or boastful or proud 5or rude. Love does not demand its own way. Love is not irritable, and it keeps no record of when it has been wronged. 6It is never glad about injustice but rejoices whenever the truth wins out. 7Love never gives up, never loses faith, is always hopeful, and endures through every circumstance. 8 Love will last forever, … 13There are three things that will endure – faith, hope, and love – and the greatest of these is love.
Love is patient and kind time independent; no helping verbs
Love is not jealous time independent; no helping verbs
Love does not demand its own way. time independent; helping verbs (do – to create negative); later lesson
Love is not irritable time independent; no helping verbs
it keeps no record time independent; no helping verbs
it has been wronged. event completed in the past; helping verb “have”
It is never glad time independent; no helping verbs
but rejoices whenever the truth wins out time independent; no helping verbs
Love never gives up, time independent; no helping verbs
never loses faith, time independent; no helping verbs
is always hopeful, time independent; no helping verbs
endures through every circumstance. time independent; no helping verbs
Love will last forever, time independent; helping verb “will” to create future
There are three things time independent; no helping verbs
that will endure – faith, hope, and love – time independent; helping verb “will” to create future
the greatest of these is love. time independent; no helping verb