1. TONIGHT’S HOMEWORK
Submit second draft of 1000-word analyt­ical essay on Canvas AND bring TWO printouts to class Tuesday,
complete a source card for your RP book (if not done in class), AND
continue (re‑)reading RP book and taking notes

2. Notetaking, Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Citing to Avoid Plagiarism
THE RESEARCH PAPER
You have a topic. Now what?

3. The Note Cards Four things are needed on each note card:
From a site by William Wade, West Kentucky Community and Technical College
Four things are needed on each note card:
The author’s name and page number from which the note comes (upper-right corner).
The note itself (only one point per card).
The type of note taken (direct quote, paraphrase, etc.).
A unique reminder of the note's content (quick reference guide to make organizing easy).

4. The Note Cards
From a site by William Wade, West Kentucky Community and Technical College
QUOTE A quote is the writing of information exactly as it is given in the original. No changes are made in the information, its spelling, or its order.
SUMMARY A summary note is a brief retelling of the information from the original in your own words. Here, the information is much shorter than in the original.
PARAPHRASE A paraphrase is put in your own words but is about the same length as the original. The reason for making a paraphrase is that the original is too difficult to follow and can be put in simpler, easier-to-understand terms.
COMBINATION A combination note brings two of these note types together. You write part of the note as a summary and part as a quote or some other combination of those, making absolutely clear what part is what.

5. Paraphrasing
involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. A paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source with a citation. Paraphrased material is sometimes shorter than the original passage, but often it is just put into language that is easier to understand.

6. Summarizing
involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source with a citation. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material.

7. Notetaking, Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Citing to Avoid Plagiarism
Paraphrasing is...
Your own rendition of essential infor- mation and ideas expressed by some- one else, presented in an entirely new form. It does not echo the same sentence structure as the original.
One legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate documentation) to borrow from a source.
A more detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses concisely on a single main idea.
9:45, 5:45

8. Paraphrasing is a valuable skill because…
it is better than quoting information from an undistinguished passage.
it helps you control the temptation to quote too much.
the mental process required for successful paraphrasing helps you to grasp the full meaning of the original.

9. QUOTATIONS SHOULD NOT MAKE UP MORE THAN 20 PERCENT OF YOUR PAPER, AND SUMMARIES AND PARAPHRASES SHOULD NOT EXCEED 60 PERCENT.
The paper presents your ideas; the research you collect merely supports your ideas.
From a site by William Wade, West Kentucky Community and Technical College

10. THIRd EXPERT WROTE THIS” (Davis
When you rely too heavily on quotes, your essay ends up like a kidnapper’s ransom note. By cutting and pasting other people’s ideas, you are hiding your identity. DON’T DO THIS! MAKE THE ESSAY YOUR OWN!
“AN EXPERT WROTE THIS” (Smith 12). Sue Jones, a professor of American Literature at Harvard University, explains, “This is one theory” (46). Also, “A
THIRd EXPERT WROTE THIS” (Davis
46). In conclusion, simply copying and pasting does not earn an A.

11. The Citations
From a site by William Wade, West Kentucky Community and Technical College
A parenthetical citation in the text of the research paper directs readers to a works-cited- page entry, where they are given the complete source data.
The parenthetical citation is brief so that it does not interrupt the flow of ideas. The works-cited- page entry is complete so that readers can find the exact source that was used.
Together, they provide the reader with the source of the information so that the reader can easily verify the material or gather more information on the topic.

12. Notetaking, Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Citing to Avoid Plagiarism
Every time you use someone else’s WORD(s), you need THREE things:
1. Quotation marks
2. A parenthetical citation
3. A corresponding listing on the works cited page (Each source is listed only once, no matter how many parenthetical citations it has.)
Every time you use someone else’s IDEA(s), you need TWO things:
1. A parenthetical citation
2. A corresponding listing on the works cited page
9:55, 5:55

13. MLA Style in Text of Paper (Chopin 41).
Basic format of citation in the body of the essay: … monstrous joy” (Chopin 41). Your next sentence continues here to explain blah, blah, blah....
author’s last name and page (or par., line, or screen)
no comma between the name and the page number
no comma or period at the end of the quote
period at the end of the whole sentence. (The citation is part of the preceding sentence.)
(Chopin 41).

14. MLA Style in Text of Essay
If you use the author’s name in your sentence, do NOT repeat it in the parentheses:
Kate Chopin describes the feeling as potentially “monstrous joy” (41). Blah, blah, blah...
no author’s last name, just page (or par., line, or screen) number
no comma or period at the end of the quote
period at the end of the whole sentence (The citation is part of the preceding sentence.)

15. Notetaking, Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Citing to Avoid Plagiarism
A Tip When Quoting
From a site by William Wade, West Kentucky Community and Technical College
When introducing a quote or expert source, identify who the person is and why the reader should pay attention to that person as an authority. Example: Michael Witmore writes, “One of the things that Shakespeare does best is to make life more vivid.”
Then a name in the parenthetical citation may not even be necessary unless Witmore wrote more than one work in your works cited list.
Example: Michael Witmore, Ph.D., director of the Folger Shake-speare Library in Washington, D.C., writes, “One of the things that Shakespeare does best is to make life more vivid” (62).

16. Peer Proofreading of Classification Essay
MLA Style
on Works Cited Page
Peer Proofreading of Classification Essay
• Put the works-cited page on its own page.
• Include only works actually cited in the essay.
• Alphabetize by first word in each entry
• Double-space
• Use hanging indentation (Format/Paragraph/Special/Hanging/0.5”)
• Style of details like punctuation is very specific — get it right!
11:52, 4:22, 7:52
See the MLA handouts and pp of your textbook.

17. Peer Proofreading of Classification Essay
Works Cited
Author’s Last Name, First. “Title of Source (article, short story, poem, etc.).” Title of Container (book, journal, website) in Italics, Other Contribu­tors, Version, Number, Publisher, Publication Date, Location.
Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. 1899, Dover Publications, 1994.
Chopin, Kate. “The Story of an Hour.” Introduction to Literature: Hillsborough Community College, ENC 1102: English Composition II, Pearson Custom Library, 2013, pp
Thomas, Heather Kirk. “Kate Chopin's Scribbling Women and the American Literary Marketplace.” Studies in American Fiction, vol. 23, no. 1, 1995, pp Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, edited by Janet Witalec, vol. 127, Gale, th Century Literature Criticism Online, 2016, go.galegroup.com.db11.linccweb.org/ps/ i.do?id=GALE%7CLTIYSY &v=2.1&u=lincclin_hcc&it=r&p=LCO&sw=w.
Include only works actually cited in the essay
Put the works-cited page on its own page
Alphabetize by first word in each entry
Double-space
Use hanging indentation
11:52, 4:22, 7:52

18. This Will Not Make Your Life Easier
Notetaking, Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Citing to Avoid Plagiarism
Using MS Word’s citation tool or an Internet site like EasyBib.com, CitationMachine.net, or BibMe.org can sometimes make citations easier, but
DO NOT RELY SOLELY ON SUCH A TOOL OR SITE! YOU ARE WISER THAN A COMPUTER!
Computers are only as good as the information you put into them. They can (and do) make mistakes. You have to catch those mistakes!
10:05, 6:05

19. MLA Works Cited Page List only works actually cited in the paper.
Titles of standalone works go in italics; shorter works that are part of a larger publication go in “quotation marks.”
Frankenstein (a novel) “The Raven” (a poem)
Macbeth (a play) “The Story of an Hour” (a short story)
Thriller (the album) “Thriller” (the song or video)
42:15
13:43
5:57

20. MLA Works Cited Page
Use both italics and quotation marks if the title of a novel or play is within the title of an article (italics for novel/play, quotation marks for article):
Persoon, James. “Shakespeare’s Hamlet.” The Explicator, vol. 55, no. 2, 1997, pp. 70+. Literature Resources from Gale, 2013, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct =true&db=a9h&AN= &site=ehost-live.

21. MLA Works Cited Page
The same goes for the title of a short story or poem in the title of an article, but switch from double quotation marks to single for the title-within-a-title:
Jamil, S. Selina. “Emotions in ‘The Story of an Hour.’ ” The Explicator, vol. 67, no. 3, 2009, pp  Literature Resources from Gale, 2016, search.ebscohost.com/login .aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN= &site=ehost-live.

22. Now, using the handout and pages to help you, create a source card for your research-paper book. (Work in small groups to check one another’s cards.)