1. 6:29 Decolonization

2. Latin America, Africa, and Asia
Most former colonies still developing nations today
Industrializing, experimental govts, coups
Urban poor a volatile political force
High infant mortality rates
Women’s rights added to new constitutions, but limited in practice due to religious/social customs

3. Latin America
After WWII authoritarian rulers held power in many LA nations
Peron in Argentina, Vargas in Brazil, Hugo Chavez in Venezuela
Liberation theology—combines Catholic beliefs with socialism
Mexico signs North American Free Trade Agreement, aka NAFTA (1994)
US outsources jobs to Mexico, imports drugs
drug cartels—criminal organizations engaged in drug trafficking, kidnapping, and execution- style killings

4. Latin America Women’s roles in LA changed slowly
Ecuador, Brazil, Cuba grant women suffrage by 1932
Improvements in health care + cultural attitudes against methods of birth control  population boom

5. Africa Exploitation of resources  ethnic conflict
gold, diamonds, oil
Civil wars in Ghana, Algeria, South Africa
Nelson Mandela ( )—South Africa’s first black leader
Health crisis: AIDs-HIV, Ebola, infant mortality rate

6. Middle East UN creates Israel (1948)  Palestine-Israeli conflict
Palestinians supported by neighboring countries, Israel supported by NATO
Camp David Accords (1979)—peace treaty between Israel and Egypt under Anwar Sadat
Palestine Liberation Organization, aka PLO—led by Yasser Arafat, calls for independent nation of Palestine
Fatah on the West Bank, Hamas at Gaza

7. Middle East
Arab Spring (2011)—social media movement, overthrew govt of Egypt
Iranian Revolution (1979)—est. a theocracy under Ayatollah Khomeini and sharia law
Iran-Iraq War ( )—Sunni Iraq vs. Shia Iran, stalemate
Iranian nuclear program  US sanctions, lifted under Obama (2016)
Saddam Hussein ( )—dictator of Iraq, genocide against Kurds

8. Middle East
War on Terror (2001—present)—US war to destroy terrorist networks
Invasion of Afghanistan (2001)—US overthrows Taliban govt and leader bin Laden for 9/11 attacks
Iraq War (2003)—no links between Hussein and al-Qaeda found, no weapons of mass destruction

9. India
Assassination of Gandhi (1948), creation of Bangladesh (1971)
Women leaders come to prominence through brothers, husbands
Indira Gandhi, Corazon Aquino, Benazir Bhutto
Emigration of refugees to metropoles— large cities in former empire nations

10. Cambodia Khmer Rouge—communist guerilla group under leader Pol Pot
led a cultural revolution, attacked intellectuals and dissenters
2M dead, mass graves in killing fields
Vietnam intervention  constitutional monarchy in 1991