1. Population
Chapter 2

3. World Population Growth Through History
Billions 12 11
2100 10 9
Modern
Age 8
Old
Stone
Bronze
Iron
Middle 7
Age
New Stone Age
Age
Age
Ages 6
2000
Future 5 4
1975 3
1950 2
1900 1
Black Death —
The Plague
1800
1+ million
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
A.D.
A.D.
A.D.
A.D.
A.D.
A.D.
years
B.C.
B.C.
B.C.
B.C.
B.C.
B.C.
B.C. 1
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Source: Population Reference Bureau; and United Nations, World Population Projections to 2100 (1998).

4. Total Population = OP + B – D + I – E
Original Population B
Births D
Deaths I
Immigrants E
Emigrants

5. World Population Growth –
Rate of natural increase (does not take into account immigration and emigration).

6. World Birth Rate – CBR
number of births in a year per 1,000 people.

7. World Mortality Rate – CDR
number of deaths in a year per 1,000 people.

8. Where have Total Fertility Rates (TFRs) fallen below replacement level and why?

9. The Demographic Transition
Stage 1: Low Growth
Stage 2: High Growth
Stage 3: Moderate Growth
Stage 4: Low Growth (Stationary)
NEW: Stage 5: Declining growth
Stationary population level (SPL)

10. The Demographic Transition

11. The Classic Stages of Demographic Transition
Women worldwide are having fewer children in their lifetimes, from an average of five children born per woman in the 1950s to below three in 2000.
All of the most recent projections put forth by the UN assume that levels of childbearing will continue to decline in the next century.
Note: Natural increase is produced from the excess of births over deaths.

12. Population Composition
Age-Sex Diagrams=
They tell you 2 things
Age & Gender distribution
(within a country, region, or place)

14. Population Pyramids –
Charts that show the percentages of each age group in the total population, divided by gender.
For poorer countries, the chart is shaped like a pyramid. Infant mortality rates are high, life expectancy is shorter.

15. Population Pyramids –
Charts that show the percentages of each age group in the total population, divided by gender.
For wealthier countries, the chart is shaped like a lopsided vase. Population is aging, TFRs are declining.

17. Population Distribution –
Descriptions of locations on the Earth’s surface where individuals or groups (depending on the scale) live.

18. World Population Distribution and Density
East Asia
- ¼ of world population here
South Asia
- bound by the Himalayas and a desert in Pakistan
Europe
- population is concentrated in cities
North America
- megalopolis

20. East Asia Population

21. 100 million people dwell in China’s fertile Sichuan Basin
Jiangsu, an area smaller than Ohio, is home to more than 70 million people

22. Government Population Policies
Expansive Population Policies
- Encourages population growth.
Eugenic Population Policies
- Favors one racial or cultural sector over others.
Restrictive Population Policies
- range from toleration of unapproved birth control to outright prohibition of large families.
Make sure you are familiar with examples: past & present of each

23. China’s Family Planning: One Child Policy

24. China What does China’s sex - age pyramid look like?
Stage 1: Low Growth
Stage 2: High Growth
Stage 3: Moderate Growth
Stage 4: Low Growth or Stationary
Stage 5: Declining growth

26. Data from: Population Reference Bureau, 2010.

27. Population Growth in India
Significant demographic variations occur within countries.
In India, growth rates are higher in the east and northeast.

28. South Asian Population

29. India What does India’s sex - age pyramid look like?
Stage 1: Low Growth
Stage 2: High Growth
Stage 3: Moderate Growth
Stage 4: Low Growth or Stationary
Stage 5: Declining growth

30. India

31. Two Ways of Population Density:
Arithmetic Density – measure of total population relative to land size

32. Physiologic Density Luxor, Egypt
Egypt’s arable lands are along the Nile River Valley.
Moving away from the river a few blocks, the land becomes sandy and wind-sculpted.

33. World Population Density
Which type of density does this map display?

35. Bangladesh Has one of the highest settlement densities in the world
TFR has been nearly cut in half between 1975 and the late 1990s
50% of Bangladesh women use oral contraception
Strong government support for family planning
Bangladesh

36. Bangladesh What does Bangladesh’s sex - age pyramid look like?
Stage 1: ?
Stage 2: ?
Stage 3: ?
Stage 4: ?
Stage 5: ?

39. Shinjuku district of Tokyo, Japan (35°42' N, 139°46' E)

40. Tokyo

41. Age Structure of a Population
The populations of many countries are aging.
- eg. Europe
- eg. Japan
Bordeaux, France
Photo credit: H.J. de Blij

42. Trends in Aging, by World Region
Population Ages 65 and Older
Percent
By 2025, over 20 percent of the population in more developed regions will be ages 65 and older.
By 2025, one-tenth of the world’s population will be over age 65.
Asia will see the proportion of its elderly population almost double, from about 6 percent in 2000 to 10 percent in In absolute terms, this represents a stark increase in just 25 years: from about 216 million to nearly 475 million older people.
Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision (medium scenario), 2003.

43. Japan What does Japan’s sex - age pyramid look like? Stage 1: ?

45. Europe Population
523 million

47. Italy What does Italy’s sex - age pyramid look like? Stage 1: Stage 2:

49. North America Modern Spatial & Demographic Patterns
Metropolitan clusters create uneven settlement landscapes
Megalopolis: largest settlement agglomeration in the U.S. (Ex: Bosnywash)
Population growth has increased in North America
Projected to increase to 375 million by the end of the 21st century

50. Metro Area Population

52. Longer Life Expectancies typically mean higher rates of chronic diseases in MDC’s.

54. United States What does the United States sex - age pyramid look like?
Stage 1:
Stage 2:
Stage 3:
Stage 4:
Stage 5:

55. United States:

57. Examples of country’s/DTMstages: 1= none: some are barely out of this stage 2= Egypt, Kenya, Afghanistan, India 3= China & Brazil 4= Japan, France, UK 5= Russia, Germany

58. http://www. geographyalltheway

59. In poorer countries, Infant Mortality Rates are usually high, which is reflected in the pyramid shape.

60. In poorer countries, Life Expectancy is usually shorter, which is also reflected in the pyramid shape.

61. Population Density in Sub-Saharan Africa

62. Coping with AIDS in Their Midst

63. AIDS is leaving large numbers of AIDS orphans.

64. HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa

66. Uganda What does Uganda’s sex - age pyramid look like? Stage 1:

67. Uganda

68. Subsaharan Africa: Population Trends
Family size
Preference for large families
Influenced by cultural practices, rural lifestyles, economics
Southern Africa is ground zero for the AIDS epidemic
2/3 of world’s AIDS cases are found in Sub-Saharan Africa
Drugs too expensive, so education is best way to stem epidemic
Patterns of Settlement and Land Use
Widely scattered population – low density
Nigeria is the region’s most populated country (127 million)