1. Chapter 4:- Animation
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2. Topics: Introduction to Animation Principles of Animation
Types of Animation
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3. Animations
A simulation of movement created by displaying a series of pictures, or frames.
Entertainment multimedia titles in general, and children’s titles specifically, heavily on animation.
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4. Animations
Such animation is made from a series of stills and relies on something called persistence of vision.
Persistence of vision is the phenomenon were an object on the eye’s retina remains for a brief time after viewing.
This means that a series of still images which vary slightly, if shown rapidly will give the illusion of movement.

5. Animations
If each of the eight pictures below were shown at the same point in rapid succession, the result would be a rotating arrow.

6. Animations
Animations are useful in multimedia in the areas of entertainment, education, and training.
They can be used to create simplified illustrations of a simulation or dramatization.
They can be much easier to understand because they are less complex than video.
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7. Animations -Usages Allows for real world processes to be modelled.
Enriching graphical representations.
Attracting attention.
Visual interest.
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8. Animation in Multimedia
Some common uses of animation include:
An animated navigation button that changes when the cursor passes over it (rollover)
Tutorials using animated graphics for demonstration
Web site advertisements that are animated to attract attention
Computer games using animation to simulate action

9. Types of Computer Animation
2D animation
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10. Types of Computer Animation
3D animation
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11. 2-D Animation Two types of animation exist
Cel animation – based on changes that occur form one frame to the next
Path animation – moves an object along a predetermined path on the screen

12. 3-D Animation 3-D Animation involves three steps
Modeling – creating the broad contours and structure of 3-D objects and scenes
Animation – defining the object’s motion
Rendering – giving objects attributes such as color, surface textures, and amounts of transparency

13. 2D Animations
Two dimensional (2D) animation software adds movement and action to static images.
These programs use either vector drawn or bitmapped images as objects.
The motion of animation is perceived by the viewer from a series of frames.
For the motion to appear smooth a minimum of 15 frames persecond (fps) is generally required.
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14. 2D Animations 2D animation methods: Cell Animation Path Animation
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15. Cell Animation
Cell animation is based on a series of frames or cells in which the object is redrawn in each consecutive cell to depict motion.
Cell comes from the word celluloid (a transparent sheet material) which was first used to draw the images and place them on a stationary background.
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17. Cell Animation is where the pictures are hand drawn but on cells, or different layers, so you can draw the background on one layer and place it at the bottom then other things like Character and objects that actually need animation on other separate layers on top. 
Simpsons is a great example of Cell Animation, where the drawings are drawn on different cells, background at the back and characters on their own cells above
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20. Path Animation
Path Based animation is the simplest form of animation and the easiest to learn.
It moves an object along a predetermined path on the screen.
The path could be a straight line or it could include any number of curves.
Often the object does not change, although it might be resized or reshaped.
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22. 3D Animations
Creating 3D animation is considerably more complex than 2D animation.
It involves two steps :
modeling
rendering
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23. 3-Dimensional Graphic models
A 3D model is a variation on the vector format
The location of a 3-dimensional object is specified using x, y and z co- ordinates
Further primitives can be found in 3D models
Cube, sphere, pyramid, etc.
Camera, spotlight, texture, shading etc. X
3D model Y Z

24. 3-Dimensional Graphic models
3D graphics offer the photorealistic effects that have you seen in TV, Computer Games
Examples, Motion Picture films such as:
Jurassic Park, Lost World and Toy Story
Examples 3D programs:
Carigali Truespace
3D Studio Max
Infini-D

25. 3D Modeling
3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical, wireframe representation of any three-dimensional object (either inanimate or living) via specialized software.
The product is called a 3D model.
Models may be created automatically or manually.
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28. 3D Rendering
3D rendering is the 3D computer graphics process of automatically converting 3D wire frame models into 2D images with 3D photorealistic effects on a computer.
Rendering may take from seconds to days for a single image/frame.
In general, different methods are better suited for either photo-realistic rendering, or real-time rendering.
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33. Animation File Formats
Graphic Interchange Format (GIF)
Flash FLA Project File Format (FLA)
Flash (SWF)
Multi-image Network Graphics (MNG)
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34. Difference between Animation and Video
Note the difference between animation and video.
Video takes continuous motion and breaks it up into discrete frames.
Animation starts with independent pictures and puts them together to form the illusion of continuous motion.
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36. 1.Using online image editor: http://pixlr.com/
2 .Using online animation tool:
3. Using online 3D tool
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