1. ADVANCING VOCABULARY SKILLS
Fourth Edition
Sherrie L. Nist
© Townsend Press

2. Unit Five: Chapter 27 • auspicious • rebuke • expedite • redeem
• extenuating • subordinate
• fraudulent • transgress
• innuendo • vehement
Page 152 in textbook.

3. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 auspicious – adjective
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 auspicious
– adjective
• The beginning of the semester was auspicious for Liza; she got an A on the first quiz and saw this as a promise of more good grades to come.
• Jen and Robert’s marriage plans did not get off to an auspicious start. They couldn’t agree on what kind of ceremony they wanted or which guests to invite.
Auspicious means
A. deceptive.
B. indirect.
C. favorable.
Page 152 in textbook.
Answer: C
The next slide explains the answer.

4. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 auspicious – adjective
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 auspicious
– adjective
• The beginning of the semester was auspicious for Liza; she got an A on the first quiz and saw this as a promise of more good grades to come.
• Jen and Robert’s marriage plans did not get off to an auspicious start. They couldn’t agree on what kind of ceremony they wanted or which guests to invite.
Auspicious means
A. deceptive.
B. indirect.
C. favorable.
Page 152 in textbook.
An A on the first quiz would be a favorable start. If Jen and Robert couldn’t agree on the kind of ceremony or which guests to invite, their plans did not get off to a favorable start.

5. High-speed trains expedite travel.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 expedite
– verb
• Express lanes in supermarkets expedite the checkout process for shoppers who buy only a few items.
• To expedite payment on an insurance claim, be sure to include all the necessary information on the form before mailing it in.
Expedite means
A. to hurry up.
B. to reduce the cost of.
C. to delay.
Page 152 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slide explains the answer.
High-speed trains expedite travel.

6. High-speed trains expedite travel.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 expedite
– verb
• Express lanes in supermarkets expedite the checkout process for shoppers who buy only a few items.
• To expedite payment on an insurance claim, be sure to include all the necessary information on the form before mailing it in.
Expedite means
A. to hurry up.
B. to reduce the cost of.
C. to delay.
Page 152 in textbook.
An express lane would hurry up the checkout process. If all the necessary information is included on the insurance claim form, it will hurry up the payment process.
High-speed trains expedite travel.

7. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 extenuating – adjective
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 extenuating
– adjective
• I know I promised to come to the surprise party, but there were extenuating circumstances: my car broke down.
• When my father had a heart attack, I missed a final exam. Due to the extenuating circumstances, the professor agreed to let me take a makeup exam.
Extenuating means
A. providing a good excuse.
B. assigning blame.
C. encouraging.
Page 152 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slide explains the answer.

8. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 extenuating – adjective
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 extenuating
– adjective
• I know I promised to come to the surprise party, but there were extenuating circumstances: my car broke down.
• When my father had a heart attack, I missed a final exam. Due to the extenuating circumstances, the professor agreed to let me take a makeup exam.
Extenuating means
A. providing a good excuse.
B. assigning blame.
C. encouraging.
Page 152 in textbook.
A broken-down car is a circumstance providing a good excuse for not going to the party. The father’s heart attack is a circumstance providing a good excuse for missing the final exam.

9. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 fraudulent – adjective
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 fraudulent
– adjective
• Leroy was jailed for filing fraudulent income tax returns. He had been cheating the government for years.
• The art dealer was involved in a fraudulent scheme to pass off worthless forgeries as valuable old paintings.
Fraudulent means
A. inferior.
B. dishonest.
C. careless.
Page 152 in textbook.
Answer: B
The next slide explains the answer.

10. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 fraudulent – adjective
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 fraudulent
– adjective
• Leroy was jailed for filing fraudulent income tax returns. He had been cheating the government for years.
• The art dealer was involved in a fraudulent scheme to pass off worthless forgeries as valuable old paintings.
Fraudulent means
A. inferior.
B. dishonest.
C. careless.
Page 152 in textbook.
In the first item, the word cheating suggests that fraudulent means “dishonest.” In the second item, if the art dealer is passing off forgeries as valuable paintings, he is involved in a dishonest scheme.

11. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 innuendo – noun
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 innuendo
– noun
• People weren’t willing to say directly that the mayor had taken a bribe, but there were many innuendos such as “Someone must have gotten to him.”
• When Neil said, “Emily’s home sick. Again,” he was using an innuendo. He really meant that she was just taking another day off.
Innuendo means
A. a sharp scolding.
B. an obvious lie.
C. a suggestion.
Page 152 in textbook.
Answer: C
The next slide explains the answer.

12. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 innuendo – noun
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 innuendo
– noun
• People weren’t willing to say directly that the mayor had taken a bribe, but there were many innuendos such as “Someone must have gotten to him.”
• When Neil said, “Emily’s home sick. Again,” he was using an innuendo. He really meant that she was just taking another day off.
Innuendo means
A. a sharp scolding.
B. an obvious lie.
C. a suggestion.
Page 152 in textbook.
Each item gives an example of a statement that uses a suggestion to communicate what the speaker really means.

13. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 rebuke – verb
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 rebuke
– verb
• When the puppy chews the furniture, don’t hit him; instead, rebuke him in a harsh voice.
• Although my father scolded me many times in private, I’m grateful that he never rebuked me in public.
Rebuke means
A. to criticize.
B. to make excuses for.
C. to hit.
Page 152 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slide explains the answer.

14. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 rebuke – verb
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 rebuke
– verb
• When the puppy chews the furniture, don’t hit him; instead, rebuke him in a harsh voice.
• Although my father scolded me many times in private, I’m grateful that he never rebuked me in public.
Rebuke means
A. to criticize.
B. to make excuses for.
C. to hit.
Page 152 in textbook.
One should scold or criticize a puppy when it chews the furniture. In the second item, the word scolded suggests that rebuke means “to criticize.”

15. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 redeem – verb
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 redeem
– verb
• Tuan’s parents were angry with him for neglecting his chores, but he redeemed himself by washing and waxing their car.
• Cal was suspended from the basketball team because of his low grades, but he redeemed himself the next semester by earning a B average.
Redeem means
A. to reveal.
B. to make up for past errors.
C. to punish.
Page 153 in textbook.
Answer: B
The next slide explains the answer.

16. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 redeem – verb
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 redeem
– verb
• Tuan’s parents were angry with him for neglecting his chores, but he redeemed himself by washing and waxing their car.
• Cal was suspended from the basketball team because of his low grades, but he redeemed himself the next semester by earning a B average.
Redeem means
A. to reveal.
B. to make up for past errors.
C. to punish.
Page 153 in textbook.
Tuan makes up for his error of neglecting his chores by washing and waxing the car. Cal makes up for his past error of low grades by earning a B average.

17. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 subordinate – adjective
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 subordinate
– adjective
• As a waiter, I take orders from the headwaiter, and he’s subordinate to the manager of the restaurant.
• The federal District Courts are lower than the United States Court of Appeals, which in turn is subordinate to the Supreme Court.
Subordinate means
A. lower than.
B. a substitute for.
C. superior to.
Page 153 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slide explains the answer.
Photo: US Navy
The captain of a ship saluting
subordinate members of the crew.

18. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 subordinate – adjective
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 subordinate
– adjective
• As a waiter, I take orders from the headwaiter, and he’s subordinate to the manager of the restaurant.
• The federal District Courts are lower than the United States Court of Appeals, which in turn is subordinate to the Supreme Court.
Subordinate means
A. lower than.
B. a substitute for.
C. superior to.
Page 153 in textbook.
The headwaiter is lower than the manager of the restaurant. In the second item, the words lower than tell you the meaning to subordinate.
Photo: US Navy
The captain of a ship saluting
subordinate members of the crew.

19. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 transgress – verb
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 transgress
– verb
• Adam transgressed by eating an apple Eve gave him; God punished them both.
• Kianna knew she had transgressed against family wishes when she sold the ring her grandmother had given her.
Transgress means
A. to benefit.
B. to tell a lie.
C. to commit an offense.
Page 153 in textbook.
Answer: C
The next slide explains the answer.

20. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 transgress – verb
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 transgress
– verb
• Adam transgressed by eating an apple Eve gave him; God punished them both.
• Kianna knew she had transgressed against family wishes when she sold the ring her grandmother had given her.
Transgress means
A. to benefit.
B. to tell a lie.
C. to commit an offense.
Page 153 in textbook.
God punished Adam and Eve because they committed the offense of eating the apple. By selling the ring her grandmother gave her, Kianna committed an offense against her family’s wishes.

21. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 vehement – adjective
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 vehement
– adjective
• I knew my parents would not be happy about my plan to take a year off from school, but I didn’t expect their objections to be so vehement.
• When Nell’s boyfriend angrily grabbed her, she responded with vehement fury. Yelling “That’s the last time you’ll ever touch me!” she walked out on him.
Vehement means
A. strong.
B. secret.
C. unjustified.
Page 153 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slide explains the answer.

22. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 vehement – adjective
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 vehement
– adjective
• I knew my parents would not be happy about my plan to take a year off from school, but I didn’t expect their objections to be so vehement.
• When Nell’s boyfriend angrily grabbed her, she responded with vehement fury. Yelling “That’s the last time you’ll ever touch me!” she walked out on him.
Vehement means
A. strong.
B. secret.
C. unjustified.
Page 153 in textbook.
In the first item, the parents have strong objections to the plan of taking a year off. In the second item, Nell’s statement and action show that her fury was strong.

23. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. auspicious B. expedite C. extenuating
D. fraudulent
E. innuendo
F. rebuke G. redeem H. subordinate
I. transgress
J. vehement
1. The company president is __________ only to the board of directors. She takes orders from the board, and only the board can fire her.
2. When young children __________, they may lie to cover up their misdeeds.
Page 154 in textbook.
Answers: 1. subordinate; 2. transgress
The next slide explains the answers.

24. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. auspicious B. expedite C. extenuating
D. fraudulent
E. innuendo
F. rebuke G. redeem H. subordinate
I. transgress
J. vehement
1. The company president is __________ only to the board of directors. She takes orders from the board, and only the board can fire her.
subordinate
If the board can fire her, she is below the board in power.
2. When young children __________, they may lie to cover up their misdeeds.
transgress
Page 154 in textbook.
The word misdeeds suggests that transgress is needed in this sentence.

25. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. auspicious B. expedite C. extenuating
D. fraudulent
E. innuendo
F. rebuke G. redeem H. subordinate
I. transgress
J. vehement
3. If you get a phone call announcing that you’ve won a free car or free trip in some contest you’ve never heard of, watch out. It’s probably __________.
4. To __________ the registration process, fill out all the forms before you get in line.
Page 154 in textbook.
Answers: 3. fraudulent; 4. expedite; 5. redeem
The next slide explains the answers.
5. After showing up late for the fund-raising dinner and then falling asleep during the speeches, the politician tried to __________ himself with a public apology.

26. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. auspicious B. expedite C. extenuating
D. fraudulent
E. innuendo
F. rebuke G. redeem H. subordinate
I. transgress
J. vehement
3. If you get a phone call announcing that you’ve won a free car or free trip in some contest you’ve never heard of, watch out. It’s probably __________.
fraudulent
Such phone calls are likely to be dishonest and intended to deceive.
4. To __________ the registration process, fill out all the forms before you get in line.
expedite
Page 154 in textbook.
Filling out the forms beforehand would speed up the registration process.
5. After showing up late for the fund-raising dinner and then falling asleep during the speeches, the politician tried to __________ himself with a public apology.
redeem
A public apology would be a way for the politician to make amends.

27. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. auspicious B. expedite C. extenuating
D. fraudulent
E. innuendo
F. rebuke G. redeem H. subordinate
I. transgress
J. vehement
6. According to tradition, it’s __________ if March “comes in like a lion” with stormy weather, because it will then “go out like a lamb.”
7. Edna was __________ in her opposition to the proposed budget cuts. She let everyone in the department know just how strongly she felt.
Page 154 in textbook.
Answers: 6. auspicious; 7. vehement
The next slide explains the answers.

28. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. auspicious B. expedite C. extenuating
D. fraudulent
E. innuendo
F. rebuke G. redeem H. subordinate
I. transgress
J. vehement
6. According to tradition, it’s __________ if March “comes in like a lion” with stormy weather, because it will then “go out like a lamb.”
auspicious
Bad weather at the beginning of March is a good sign.
7. Edna was __________ in her opposition to the proposed budget cuts. She let everyone in the department know just how strongly she felt.
vehement
Page 154 in textbook.
If Edna felt strongly, she would be forceful in her opposition.

29. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. auspicious B. expedite C. extenuating
D. fraudulent
E. innuendo
F. rebuke G. redeem H. subordinate
I. transgress
J. vehement
8. Later, Edna’s supervisor _______(e)d her, saying, “No one asked for your opinion about the budget, so just get on with your work.”
9. The friendly weekly poker game grew less friendly when Travis said, “Isn’t it amazing that, week after week, Bill always wins?” The _________, of course, was that Bill was cheating.
Page 154 in textbook.
Answers: 8. rebuke; 9. innuendo; 10. extenuating
The next slide explains the answers.
10. “Yes, my client robbed the bank,” the lawyer said, “but there were __________ circumstances. She didn’t have time to wait in line to make a withdrawal.”

30. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. auspicious B. expedite C. extenuating
D. fraudulent
E. innuendo
F. rebuke G. redeem H. subordinate
I. transgress
J. vehement
8. Later, Edna’s supervisor __________ her, saying, “No one asked for your opinion about the budget, so just get on with your work.”
rebuked
The supervisor’s comment expresses disapproval.
9. The friendly weekly poker game grew less friendly when Travis said, “Isn’t it amazing that, week after week, Bill always wins?” The _________, of course, was that Bill was cheating.
Page 154 in textbook.
innuendo
Travis’s insinuation is that Bill was cheating.
10. “Yes, my client robbed the bank,” the lawyer said, “but there were __________ circumstances. She didn’t have time to wait in line to make a withdrawal.”
extenuating
The lawyer claims that not having time to wait in line provides the client with a good excuse for robbing the bank.