1. Module 3 Works & Expressions
NLNZ RDA Training Programme

2. Outline Re-cap of RDA structure Re-cap of Works Additions to works
Describing Works
Identifying Expressions
Authorized access points for expressions
Describing Expressions
The move from describing manifestations and items to describing works and Expressions was a little abrupt, so we are doing a recap at the beginning of this session and will then move on to the other topics on this slide.

3. RDA Structure
The fundamental division of instructions in RDA is between attributes and relationships. We are currently looking at attributes and will cover relationships in the first week of December.
In covering attributes RDA has different sections for attributes of the different FRBR entities. There are 2 sections covering the Group 1 entities (WEMI) and then separate sections for the other 2 groups Group 2 (persons families and corporate bodies) and Group 3 (subjects). We will not be covering subjects as these chapters have not been written and we will continue to use the same subject vocabularies that we currently use. We completed our work on Section 1 and last week we started looking at section 2 and works.

4. Manifestation of what?
You’ve described the physical object (chapts 1-4)
Next step is to show what the object represents (chapts 5-7) that is, what it is that you’ve got
You need to “tell the story” of your object,
is it original?
Has it been published before?
Is it based on something else?
Does it have “friends and rellies”?(bibliographically speaking)
Before moving on to Section 2 which covers works and expressions you need to know what is going on with the resource you are describing. This will help you make sense of the instructions in these later chapters. This is where cataloguers can really add value.

5. RDA Section 2 Attributes of Works & Expressions
In the same way that section one began with a general chapter (chapter 1), Section 2 also begins with a general chapter followed by 2 more specific chapters.
These chapters include instructions for creating separate descriptions of works and expressions. This kind of description is what is included in our current authority records. We don’t use all the elements from these chapters in bibliographic records. We create a kind of “fusion” record that is mostly manifestation data with some extra elements so that users can clearly tell which work and expression are represented in the resource we are describing.

6. Works (Gang of 4 not included)
The attributes of works are spread across 2 chapters of RDA as shown in the slide.I’m ignoring any special rules for the Gang of 4 formats in this slide. So there is no mention of music, law, religious works or official communications.
You can see that the elements that identify works and would be included in an authority record that described a work, appear at the beginning of chapter 6. The instructions for creating authorised access points for works appear towards the end of chapter 6 and the instructions for describing the content of works in in chapter 7. Expressions follow the same pattern and will be covered shortly. 6

7. Authorized access points for works
Preferred title of work
Preceded by Creator (if there is one) – chapt 19 (first look at relationships)
Followed by Additions (if needed to make the access point distinct)
Authorized access point for the work
[Creator] + Preferred title of work + [Additions]
This is where we got to last week with our pattern for authorised access points for works. We’d covered choosing the preferred title, how to identify creators and how to add the authorised access point for the creator to the preferred title of a work so that we constructed an authorised access point for the work. Now we will look at additions to preferred titles of works.

8. Additions to authorized access points representing works
Go to which then refers you to:
Form of work (sometimes a note in a bib record) – 6.3
Date of the work – 6.4
Place of origin of the work – 6.5
Another distinguishing characteristic of the work
E.g. issuing body
No priority order and more than one can be used
Serials cataloguers encounter the need for these more than anyone else and they will be covered in detail when Serials and series are looked at later Other cataloguers who might need to look at these rules are the juvenile cataloguers and those doing DVDs and music. For this reason I am just pointing out the relevant rules. There is an extensive LC-PCC PS for this rule which we will need to look at in terms of our own cataloguing policies.

9. Examples Pride & prejudice (Motion picture : 2005)
Rabbit droppings (Wellington, N.Z.)
Rabbit droppings (Wagga Wagga, N.S.W.)
In these examples you can see the addition of the form of a work, the date of a work and the place of origin of a work to distinguish between works with the same preferred title.

10. Describing the content of Works 7.2-7.9
Nature of content (not form of work which is covered in chapt 6 and shows up on the previous slide)
Some maps stuff – 7.4 – 7.6
Intended audience – 7.7
Dissertation or thesis information – 7.9
I haven’t included all the instructions here as they cover some pretty obscure things that you rarely see in bibliographic records.

11. Notes about notes Notes are not attributes of resources Notes are
one method of recording certain attributes
a way of recording information about some attributes
Examples
For remedial reading programmes Recording the intended audience
Title from PDF cover page Note on title
The first example here shows a note that is used to record an attribute – the intended audience for the work. The second example shows a note that has been used to record information about a specific attribute. There are no general notes in RDA – every note has a specific purpose and must relate to a particular attribute of the resource being described.

12. Expressions
Expressions operate in exactly the same way as works. There are data elements that are used to identify expressions, then there are instructions for constructing authorised access points for expressions (which refer back to the identifying data elements) and finally there are elements that describe the content of expressions. 12

13. Identifying expressions
Content type – CORE
Controlled list of 23 terms
How many to record?
NLNZ follows option b) – see NLNZ policy document for more details
Date of expression – 6.10
Language of expression – 6.11 – CORE
Can use a MARC 008 code if only one
Other characteristic of an expression – 6.12
Look at the list of content types in RDA Content type is recorded in MARC 336, one of the new MARC fields developed for RDA records. Date of expression would be recorded in an authority record rather than a bibliographic record as would the other characteristics used to distinguish different expressions of the same work.

14. Authorized access points for Expressions 6.27.3
Recorded when there is more than one expression
Authorized access point for the work PLUS one or more of the following:
Content type,
Date of expression
Language of expression
Other distinguishing characteristic
Example:
Brown, Helen, Cleo. French
Here you can see the authorized access point for the French language expression of Helen Brown’s book Cleo. The language of the expression has been added to the authorized access point for the work. Authorized access points for expressions are usually recorded when it is necessary to distinguish one expression of a work from another. There is a provisional LC-PCC PS for these access points which we will be examining some time soon.
Authorized access
point for the work

15. Section 2, Chapter 7 7.10 Summarisation of content
marc
520
Abstracts
Summaries
Synopsis
Note the definition of “summarisation of content” here. This section just covers abstracts, summaries, synopses, etc. Actual formal contents notes listing the titles of parts of the resource are about the relationship between the whole resource and its parts, so are covered later in Chapter 25.
!NOT Contents notes!
From NLA RDA Train the Trainer programme

16. Section 2, Chapter 7 7.11 Place and date of capture
Place and date associated with the capture
(i.e., recording, filming, etc.) of the content of
a resource
NEW!
This element was not in AACR2, but will be familiar to cataloguers of sound recordings and motion pictures.
MARC makes provision for this information, and the 033 and 518 fields have been in use for some time to record place and date of capture in both free text and coded form.
From NLA RDA Train the Trainer programme

17. Section 2, Chapter 7 7.12 Language
Language information in the descriptive elements
- Language information in the access point for the expression is covered in Chapter 6.
Includes Subtitles
marc
041
marc
546
Note that this instruction is only for recording language information in the descriptive elements. (MARC Fixed fields, 041 and 546). Language information in the access point for the expression is catered for in Chapter 6.
From NLA RDA Train the Trainer programme

18. Section 2, Chapter 7 7.13 Form of notation
NEW!
7.13 Form of notation
Characters and/or symbols used to express
the content of the resource
Braille code
Cyrillic Љ
Moon code
This is a new element too. It brings together information we had previously recorded in disparate and not well defined parts of the record, about the form of notation used to express the content. This means tactile notation (eg Braille), dance notation, music notation, or script used to express language content.
Chess code
tonic sol-fa
Kinetography Laban
From NLA RDA Train the Trainer programme

19. Section 2, Chapter 7 7.14 Accessibility content
-assists those with a sensory impairment in
the greater understanding of content which
their impairment prevents the fully seeing or
hearing.
NEW!
Audio description
This is a new element, which allows us to record very useful information about whether a resource has been enhanced to assist users with a sensory impairment such as vision or hearing impairment. Covered here are things such as closed captioning, subtitles (though not alternative language subtitles), accessible labelling, and sign language.
Large print is not covered here but has its own element in Chapter 3. ( ). Braille, as we have just discovered, is a form of notation of the base content, and is covered in 7.13
[If anyone asks about the difference between Large print, Braille and “accessibility content”: Accessibility content is content that is ADDED TO a resource to assist those with a sensory impairment in interpreting it, such as subtitles, audio description, closed captioning, etc. Large print is a font size used in creating a manifestation of an expression, so is covered at Braille is a form of notation used at the expression level so is covered at You could suggest that people use their bookmark function to create a reminder for themselves about this if needed]
labels
Captioning
Image description
Sign language
From NLA RDA Train the Trainer programme

20. Section 2, Chapter 7 7.15 Illustrative content
-content designed to illustrate the primary
content of a resource.
Portraits
Illustrations
Graphs
facsimiles
Here at last, is the elusive “illustrative content” that was notably absent when we looked at physical characteristics in Chapter 3. Illustrative content is included here, because it is part of how a work is expressed, and therefore is not related directly to the manifestation or item. The instructions here are fairly straightforward and not much different from AACR2, although you may find it is more simply worded.
Note that this is one of the key areas of the description affected by RDA’s move away from using abbreviations. None of the terms used here are abbreviated, whereas in AACR2 they nearly all were.
Note also that references to colour illustrations are missing. Colour content is covered at a separate element, 7.17, which brings together instructions on colour content from both the general and special material chapters in AACR2.
NLNZ Policy: Record illustration but not the particular type – see policy document
Music
Photographs
From NLA RDA Train the Trainer programme

21. Section 2, Chapter 7 7.16 Supplementary content
-content (e.g., an index, a bibliography, an
appendix) designed to supplement the primary
content of a resource.
filmography
Includes index
This element covers bibliography and index notes and appendices. LC have marked this element as “core” for bibliography and index information and NLA has also marked bibliography and index information as Mandatory for their cataloguers.
NLNZ Policy: Not including index notes. See policy document.
Bibliography
Discography
From NLA RDA Train the Trainer programme

22. Section 2, Chapter 7 7.17 Colour content
Recorded when other than black and white or gray scale
Separate element from illustrative content
English spelling okay
Given that this is a separate element from the illustrative content, I think we should use ‘colour’ rather than ‘coloured’ - no real evidence for this, except the examples in RDA itself. Existing records show a range of practice.
Some colour
colour
Chiefly colour

23. Silver Logie most popular reality program, 2010
Section 2, Chapter Award
NEW!
7.28 Award
-formal recognition of excellence, etc., for the
content of a resource given by an award- or
prize-granting body.
marc
586
Silver Logie most popular reality program, 2010
This is a new element allowing us to record information about whether the resource has received formal recognition by an award or prize-giving body.
MARC made provision for this in 586 field, and many cataloguers are already familiar with and using this field.
NLNZ: Note that these slides don’t cover all the elements that can be used in describing expressions. Please refer to RDA for the complete set of elements. Those not covered here tend to be limited to specific types of resources, e.g. cartographic, musical, or moving image resources.
Australian Library and Information Association Library Technician Research Award, 2012
From NLA RDA Train the Trainer programme

24. Your turn! For the records you have been working on, add the following
elements that make up the authorized access point for the work, following last week’s process (if not already covered last week)
any elements needed to describe the work (from chapt )
Core elements to identify the expression (6.9, 6.11)
an authorized access point for the expression (6.27.3) if necessary
elements needed to describe the expression ( )

25. And try the exercises