1. Syntax: the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.
Parse: analyze (a sentence) into its parts and describe their syntactic roles

3. boolean isHappy;
if (isHappy){
digitalWrite(yellowLED,HIGH); }

4. Why are there rules for setting a table?
Avoids confusion
Efficient
Establish expectations: The order in which the forks, knives, spoons are set creates an orderly system in which both the guest and the host know what’s to come…pace yourself if there are 4 forks, 3 spoons and 6 glasses 
Allows the host to be present: placing everything you need at the table allows the host to remain at the table without having to continuously get up for more forks, glasses, plates.

5. Confusion or ambiguity
A woman without her man is nothing.

6. Confusion or ambiguity
A woman without her man is nothing.
A woman: without her, man is nothing.
A woman, without her man, is nothing.

7. Confusion or ambiguity
Flying planes can be dangerous.
Stolen painting found by tree.
Don't Get Mad. Get Glad.

8. Confusion or ambiguity
if (voltage > 3)
digitalWrite(yellowLED, HIGH);
delay(100);

9. Extra work to parse
All the faith he had had had had no effect on the outcome of his life.
The complex houses married and single soldiers and their families.
The man the professor the student has studies Rome.
It's never too late to learn to swim you never know when you may fall from a boat.

10. Extra work to parse
x = value -1;

11. Allows the teacher to help you
He watched TV for an hour and then went to bed. After falling asleep on the sofa.

12. Allows the compiler to help you
b = c ++ d=7