1. Evidence for evolution

2. Cladistics
Biology

3. Carl sagan Evolution

4. Tree of Life
Commonly used analogy to describe the relationships between all species on Earth
Branches represent different evolutionary histories

5. phylogenetic tree

6. Cladistics
a study that applies the scientific method to the construction of evolutionary relationships.

7. Cladogram
Resulting diagram showing how organisms are related based on shared traits

8. Cladogram Vocabulary Derived character (homologous structure):
Common trait among closely related species
Common ancestor:
Ancestral species in which two extant species share

9. Chordate Cladogram

10. Constructing a cladogram
Analyze species
Analyze shared, derived characters

11. Constructing a cladogram
Create a cladogram (primitive  derived)
Species names at top
Derived characters across the bottom

12. Classes of Chordata

13. Chordates Characteristics
ALL CHORDATES HAVE:
Notochord
Dorsal hollow nerve cord
Pharyngeal Slits
Tail
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: 7 today!

14. Class: Agnatha Jawless Fish
Dorsal hollow nerve cord, Notochord, Pharyngeal Slits, Tail
No Jaw

15. Class: Chondrichthyes
Cartilage Fish
Dorsal hollow nerve cord, Notochord, Pharyngeal Slits, Tail
Jaw
Paired appendages

16. Class: Osteichthyes Boney fish
Dorsal hollow nerve cord, Notochord, Pharyngeal Slits, Tail
Jaw
Paired appendages
Has bones

17. Class: Amphibia Amphibians
Dorsal hollow nerve cord, Notochord, Pharyngeal Slits, Tail
Jaw
Paired appendages
Has bones
Paired legs

18. Class: Reptilia Reptiles
Dorsal hollow nerve cord, Notochord, Pharyngeal Slits, Tail
Jaw
Paired appendages
Has bones
Paired legs
Amniotic Egg

19. Class: Aves
Birds
Dorsal hollow nerve cord, Notochord, Pharyngeal Slits, Tail
Jaw
Paired appendages
Has bones
Paired legs
Amniotic Egg
Feathers

20. Class: Mammalia Mammals
Dorsal hollow nerve cord, Notochord, Pharyngeal Slits, Tail
Jaw
Paired appendages
Has bones
Paired legs
Amniotic Fluid
Mammary glands
Hair
Some have placenta
Marcupials Don’t