1. Egeo 324: East Asia Human Environment CHINA THE SETTING Part 3: Anthropogenic Regional Impacts and Environmental Policies and Impacts
China Geography & Envr

2. Part 3 Historical Expansion Minority Areas Transportation
Resource Base
Industry
China Geography & Envr

3. Historical Pattern of Expansion – over centuries shortages and political pressures have caused the growth of China
Starts in North on Plains surrounding Huang He River -- Northern Inland foundation
Gradually move South and from Inland areas to sea and also west & a bit north
China Geography & Envr

4. Historical Growth of China
China Geography & Envr

5. 2 A.D.
China Geography & Envr

6. “Chinese” Language evolution and current distribution in China
China Geography & Envr

7. Chinese Empire at its 19th Century Height
China Geography & Envr

8. A very brief historical background
2500 BC Yellow Emperor – Han People start
BC – Confucius, philosopher
BC – first true emperor Qin Shi Huang – start of unified CHINA
206 BC -220 AD Han Dynasty – first great Chinese Dynasty
1911 End of Imperial China
1949 People’s Republic of China established
China Geography & Envr

9. Yellow “Emperor” Yellow Emperor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Yellow Emperor
The Yellow Emperor or Huang Di (Chinese: 黃帝, Simplified Chinese: 黄帝, pīnyīn: huángdì) is a legendary Chinese sovereign and cultural hero who is said to be the ancestor of all Han Chinese.
One of the Five Emperors, the Yellow Emperor is said by tradition to have reigned from 2698 BCE to 2599 BCE.
The legend of his retreat to west in the war against the eastern Emperor Chi You at the Battle of Zhuolu (涿鹿) is seen as the establishment of the Han Chinese nationality.
China Geography & Envr

10. Pre-Historic Five Emporers
All these "emperors" were only people with great contributions or famous rulers of tribal unions. From the Bamboo Annals and Classic of History, their positions are known to have been attained by election by other chiefs in the tribal unions. When they die, their children may succeed the positions of the ruler of their own tribe, but not the position of the ruler of the tribal union. Their power is much less than the historical Chinese emperors,
China Geography & Envr

11. First Historic Emperor of China
The first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇), who coined a new term for "Emperor" (huangdi 皇帝) by combining the titles of "sovereign" (huang 皇) and "god-king" (di 帝) (which is homophonic with the name of the "Yellow Emperor", the first traditional emperor (黄 帝),) who had absolute power over the people.
China Geography & Envr

12. First “Historical” Emperor of China
China Geography & Envr

13. Qinshihuang Desperate For Longevity
Qinshihuang, the first emperor who unified China in 221 B.C., was desperate in searching elixir of life, and even sent Taoists overseas for it. He died of illness at 49 in 210B.C., four years before his dynasty's collapse.
When Qinshihuang was still alive, he began to build his mausoleum with some terracotta warrior pits. The Qinshihuang Mausoleum is located 30 km east to Xi'an, at the foot of Lishan hills. Qinshihuang's body is still buried there.
China Geography & Envr

14. Summary Chinese people (Han) are almost 5,000 years old
China as a unified state is about 2,000 years old
The old guys and gals left a lot behind
In 1911 the Imperial system ended
In 1949 the current system began
China Geography & Envr

15. Geographic Keys Points
EXTERNAL: Barriers, Invasions & Isolationism
Sinocentric isolation
Mongolian/turkic peoples (barbarians) & reactions (over past 5,000 years)
China attempts isolation, walls, xenophobia
Barbarians from the “south” – Europeans 18th century
China Attempts isolation, exclusion
Opium wars force open markets of country
China Geography & Envr

16. Geographic Keys Points
INTERNAL: Long historical spatial pattern
Joining country into empire under new dynasties
Fragmenting into separate kingdoms under declining dynasties
Refer to Zhang et. al article for the a listing of this activity
China Geography & Envr

17. China’s Four Ethno/ Historic Regions 1. China Proper 2
China’s Four Ethno/ Historic Regions 1. China Proper 2. Inner Mongolia 3. Xinjiang 4. Tibet
Inner Mongolia
TIBET
China Geography & Envr

18. China Proper: The East
China Geography & Envr

19. Border and Minority Areas
Xinjiang
Inner Mongolia
Tibet
Relationship to Minority Ethno-Linguistic Regions
China Geography & Envr

20. Current Minority Tension
China Geography & Envr

21. The West
China Geography & Envr

22. Ethno-Linguistic Patters
China Geography & Envr

23. Ethno-Linguistic Patters
China Geography & Envr

24. Xinjiang to Nei (Inner) Mongolia
China Geography & Envr

25. Tibet
China Geography & Envr

26. Plus Two
Xinjiang
Tibet
China Geography & Envr