1. Title = “Nation Building”
Day 21 Opening Question
Title = “Nation Building”
Are sayings such as “Nation Building” and “Spreading Democracy” just covers for imperialism?

2. Day 22 Objectives
Evaluate the foreign policy of Presidents McK, TR, Taft, and Wilson from

3. Industrial Revolution
in three layers
Politics & Expansion
Industrial Revolution
Slavery & Antebellum

4. in two layers
Progressive
Era
Imperialism

5. McKinley (1897-1901) Roosevelt (1901-1909)
Our Imperial Presidents
McKinley ( ) Roosevelt ( )
National-istic
Militaristic
Taft ( ) Wilson( )
Humanit-arian
Economic

6. Everyone liked it but me…
Spheres of Influence = European countries control certain Chinese ports …
Everyone liked it but me…
And me!! I’ll respond!!
Sphere of Influence- countries seek economic and political control of china
America wanted a Open Door Policy- open trade relation between China and other nations
Boxer Rebellion- Chinese nationalists try to rid China of foreigners
Empires agree to America's policy. Key foreign policy victory
Our treatment of Chinese citizens plays important role

7. New Acquisitions… New Headaches
Banana Republics = Central American nations “controlled” by the USA
When these countries rebelled, they became known as “Banana Wars”

8. “Banana Wars” Panama Nicaragua Haiti Dominican Republic Honduras
Mexico
“Banana
Wars”

9. Context of Monroe Doctrine
Imperialism still strong in Europe
Spain losing colonies in Western Hemisphere…

10. Monroe Doctrine 1823 What was said
USA will respect the colonies that European countries currently have in Western Hemisphere
Europe will no longer colonize new countries in Western Hemisphere
USA will stay neutral in European wars
If European countries try to colonize new Western Hemisphere countries, it will be viewed as hostile actions against the USA
I really made it

11. Panama Canal & Columbia
USA has backed them up vs uprisings in the past!!
TR works out deal to lease 10- mile strip of land with 
Columbian leg does not ratify!!!
TR…
No evidence TR started the revolution but he sure didn’t stop it

12. Canal cost $380 million and 5,600 lives
Let’s build a canal!!
Newly independent Panama signs treaty granting USA complete control over canal area
Canal cost $380 million and 5,600 lives
Strengthens USA’s power but leaves a legacy of ill will between USA and Latin America
TR’s opponents said this was foul play in American politics
Most Americans sided with TR though
Navy and supplies can move faster in war, Make global shipping much faster

13. TR’s reaction to canal criticism
“If I had followed traditional, conservative methods I would have submitted a dignified state paper of probably 200 pages to Congress and the debates on it would be going on yet; but I took the canal zone and let Congress debate; and while the debate goes on the canal does also…”
“If I had followed tradition, conservative methods I would have submitted a dignified state paper of probably 200 pages to congress and the debates on it would be going on yet; but I took the canal zone and let congress debate; and while the debate goes on the canal does also”

15. Me!
Who
are
the
USA’s 2
Biggest
Allies?
Me!

16. Pictures
Who dresses like this?

19. Roosevelt Big Stick Diplomacy
Speak softly and carry a big stick (African Proverb)
Roosevelt Big Stick Diplomacy
1902 – Venezuela vs GB and Germany
TR pushed to act by Americans after doing nothing initially
1903 – Panama Canal
1904 – Dominican Republic in default to foreigners too
TR acts fast this time with Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
USA had right to intervene in any nation in Latin America that could not manage its own affairs
USA is policeman and judge for Western Hemisphere
Attached to the Monroe Doctrine which forbid European involvement in the western hemisphere

20. Roosevelt as Peacekeeper
I’m not doing this just for you!!!...
1904 Russo-Japanese War (hmmm)
TR mediates peace between Russia & Japan
Wins Nobel Peace Prize
1905 Moroccan Crisis déjà vu…
Russia refused to surrender and Japan exhausted its resources…both are clear indicators of what will come
Looks good for US
To keep Asia stable and a “Open Door Policy with China”

21. Leftover Problems Russia Japan
1. Gentleman’s Agreement
Russia
Jewish American Russians angry about pogroms…
Japan
Anti-Japanese sentiment and discrimination in USA (CA)
War threats
Solution =
2. I’ll start a good-will tour... How?
Japan did not want to look weak like China
US used this as an excuse to build new navy
America would not abolish Japanese immigration
Russians-native americans

23. Will my successors amp up foreign policy involvement or decrease it?
Farewell TR
Will my successors amp up foreign policy involvement or decrease it?

24. Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy
Keeps Roosevelt Corollary…with a twist…
Use USA’s economic power to exert influence over other countries
“substituting dollars for bullets”
Use business interests to promote the USA’s diplomatic goals
Not as successful
Example would be the JP Morgan loan (new rail line)

26. Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy
USA had a moral responsibility to deny recognition to a government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile
“The force of America is the force of moral principle.”
Diffuse situations
Get us out of Philippines…not enough support
Deal with China…cut off loan, impact with Japan
Continuing problems with Japan…Dammit California stop it!...building anti-American sentiment
Taft started tradition, Reagan changed it from stands to mound

27. Wilson’s “Banana Wars”
Mexico, Columbia, Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, Haiti…
You can see why Central America doesn’t like us that much (Reagan + HW)
Wilson’s
“Banana
Wars”