1. EPA04 T3.2 Reduced order models for Building Interzonal Transport
Jensen Zhang (PI), H. Ezzat Khalifa,
Mikael Salonvaara, Andreas Nicolai, and
John Grunewald

2. Envisioned i-BES Multi-level Controls: Occupant Satisfaction: ~100%
Personal ventilation
Smart furniture
Wearable air purifier
Occupant
Personal
Env.
Zone/
Room
Multizone
Building
Outdoor
Airshed
Material selection
Room air cleaner
Room ventilation
Envelope system
Material selection
HVAC system
Multi-level
Controls: 3 2 1
Occupant
Satisfaction:
~100%
>90%
>80%
80% (ASHRAE Standards)
IEQ
Building Security
Energy Efficiency
Goals:

3. Modeling Airflow and Pollutant Dispersion Pattern
An essential element for i-BES development…
Across the
building envelope
Inside a multizone building
Around a building (by G. Ahmadi et al.)
In a single zone/room
Challenges:
Combined heat, air, moisture and pollutant transport in building structure
A reduced-order model for real time control
Optimal sensor placement and networking

4. The Problem and Research Needs
i-BES control requires real/near real time prediction of pollutant transport:
Reduced-order models
Efficient coupling of different component models
Need-based multi-level/scale modeling
Integrated BES design and optimization:
IEQ
Energy
Cost-effectiveness
Exposure/performance prediction at different stages of building: system design
Single zone
2-5 zones
Detailed multizone analysis
Spatial distribution analysis (CFD)

5. Research Objectives The Ultimate Goal:
Develop reduced-order models that can be used for BES analysis, optimization and control (T5).
Specific Objectives for EPA04 Project (3 years):
Develop a multizone simulation model (called CHAMP-Multizone) that couples the pollutant and thermal transport analysis, and integrate the interzonal flow analysis with the detailed CHAMP-Envelope model developed in EPA03 program.
Develop a reduced-order-model to account for the incomplete mixing in large spaces when modeling the multizone pollutant transport.
Evaluate the model by full-scale measurements in the BEESL and/or TIEQ Laboratory multizone testbed using tracer gases

6. A System Model for CHAMP Transport in BES
CHAMP --- Combined Heat, Air, Moisture and Pollutants
CHAMP-Multizone and a POD model will be developed in EPA04
Envelope
model
HVAC
model
Design or
Control
Parameters
Predicted
BES
Performance
& Dynamics
Multi-
zone
model
Room
model
Shared databases*
*Databases: Material Properties; Pollutant Properties; Sources & Sinks; Weather

7. Task list

8. CHAMP multizone environment
Integrate detailed building envelope model with multizone and whole building simulation models

9. Task 1
System architecture
External coupling

10. Task 2
Room model
Single zone
CFD to POD

11. Task 3 Implementation of CHAMP multizone Benchmark cases
Coupling between modules
Benchmark cases

12. Task 4
Validation of CHAMP-multizone in the Multizone Testbed

13. 3rd CHAMP Developers’ Workshop, June 19-20, 06
Workshop Objectives
Review selected state-of-the-art simulation models for building envelope, HVAC, single ventilated space/room, multizone building and urban environmental systems to identify methods for software interaction and integration to form an integrated simulation environment.
CHAMPS/SU
IBECS/UTRC
CONTAM/NIST
CHAMPS-Envelope/SU
HVAC and EnergyPlus/FSEC & DOE
ROOM-CFD & Reduced-order models/SU & Purdue
Virtual building---object oriented database/Univ. of Tokyo
Develop a roadmap for integration of the different simulation models and for collaboration among interested developers.

14. 3rd CHAMP Developers’ Workshop, June 19-20, 06
Major Coupling/Integration Issues Discussed
Simulation tools-people-processes
Practicality-education/training-benefit analysis/demonstration
Levels of details in input and output for applications at different design stages
Hierarchical applications (from macro/order of magnitude estimate to detailed simulations depending on the purposes)
Filtering of input and output data
Coupling approaches
Internal and/or external coupling? How?
Time step control/coordination: convergence criteria
Interfaces for data transfer
IFC or XML-based (e.g., GBMXL)?
Common/shared databases
Building materials, HVAC equipment, weather, pollutant sources and sinks
Virtual building – object oriented database

15. 3rd CHAMP Developers’ Workshop, June 19-20, 06
Summary of Outcomes
People vs. software coupling; Needs must be identified
Different level of details
Design goes from rough to detailed analysis
Multilevel control systems require different level of predictions
What accuracy is needed? Both mean and variance are important.
Communication between models
One-way feedback/Interlaced feedback
Two-way data transfer and execution control
Model coupling in steps
MASTER program is needed to control the sub-programs
External coupling through input-output modules
First suggested models for coupling
CHAMP, CONTAM and E+ have capabilities for coupling
Levels for coupling
Building Envelope model and Single Zone (lumped) model
CHAMP, CONTAM, E+
CHAMP + Multizone model
CHAMP + Room/CFD/POD
Build upon existing methodologies
UTRC/IBECS
EPA/MIMS (Multimedia Integrated Modeling System)