1. Irrigation Development and Financing in Nepal
Ashok Singh
DDG, Department of Irrigation, Nepal

2. Five Development Regions
India
China
India
India

3. Status of Irrigation Development
Area of Nepal ,181 Sq km
Total Cultivable Area 2,641,000 ha
Total Irrigable Area 1,766,000 ha
Status as of 2014/2015
Total Irrigated Land 1,368,914 ha
Irrigation by surface (Gov) ,345 ha
Irrigation using GW ,630 ha
Farmers Managed Irrigation ,939 ha

4. Irrigation Potential in Ha in Development Region

5. History of Irrigation in Nepal
First irrigation system developed using modern technology by the government is the Chandra Irrigation system in BS 1985 (1929AD) with the support of Government of India

6. Irrigation Present Status78

7. Irrigated Area by mode of Irrigation=

8. Irrigation Objectives
Past
Food production
Security against starvation in hills and mountains
Increase in incomes
Now
Means for economic development with crop diversification
Employment opportunity
Future
An essential component of growth, social and economic development, poverty reduction, equity and as links for national integration and unity.
Irrigation water a tradable commodity in terms of "virtual water" particularly in the form of exported agricultural commodities.

9. Irrigation Systems in Nepal -1
Small < 10 ha in hills
< 100 ha in Terai
Medium – ha in hills
ha in Terai
Surface Irrigation
Major ha in hills
ha in Terai
Categories
NCT Irrigation
Large > 500 ha in hills
> 5000 ha in Terai
Ground Water
Shallow Tube well up to 2.5 ha
Deep Tube well generally 40 ha

10. Irrigation Systems in Nepal - 2
Federal Affairs & Local Development Ministry
Small < 10 ha in hills
< 100 ha in Terai
Information dissemination
Demand driven
Technical, regional balance, social and environmental consideration
Water Users Association
Participatory and capital cost sharing (3 to 15%)
O & M by WUA
Medium – ha in hills
ha in Terai
Major < ha in hills
< ha in Terai
National interest
Food security, regional balance, Employment
Technically, economic and environmental consideration
Joint management
Large > 500 ha in hills
> 5000 ha in Terai

11. Irrigation Systems in Nepal -3
Demand driven approach
Request by WUA
Participatory and capital cost sharing (For STW 50% of the cost of pump and dist.sys )
For DTW 3-5 % of the total cost
O & M by WUA
Development in cluster
Shallow and Deep Tube well
Sprinkler, drip, pond, lift etc
Demand driven approach
Participatory and capital cost sharing (5% for storage tank and 25% for distribution system)
O & M by WUA
NCT Irrigation

12. Irrigation Management in Nepal
Small and Medium Irrigation Systems are managed by the beneficiary farmers
Large and Major (>2,000 ha) irrigation systems are under joint management
Management transfer of state developed irrigation systems began in early 1990.
Operation and maintenance costs are to be covered by the ISF collected from the farmers

13. Sources of Water for Irrigation

14. Agriculture Vs Irrigation Potential (Conventional method), ha
Mountain
Hills
Terai

15. Is round the year irrigation possible from medium & small rivers?
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Babai, m3/s 14 12 10 8 35
139
176
146 55 23 16
Rapti, m3/s 30 24 19 17 94
323
415
350 58
127
Bagmati, m3/s 15 32
214
539
513
338
137 57
160
Kamala, m3/s 7 5 4 3 44
130
157
102 45
Kankai, m3/s 13 11 22 66
186
180
121 61 29
Total, m3/s 83 69 87 74
453
1317
1441
1057
444
184
408
Small, m3/s
210
174
147
140
219
1092
3113
3523
2576
1111
463
275
293
243
205
227
1545
4430
4964
3633
1555
647
683
Terai, lps/ha
0.32
0.26
0.2
0.12
0.69
1.07
1.16
1.3
0.95
0.51
0.36
Hills, lps/ha
0.91
1.05
0.34
1.4
1.48
0.24
1.33
3.72
3.08
3.47
2.05
0.8
Average, lps/ha
0.47
0.45
0.53
0.57
1.14
1.83
1.76
1.61
Irrigation Intensity, % 47 28
148
212
149
113 53 39 85
Irrigation Potential Terai – 1,216,800 ha (Excluding irrigation from large river)
Irrigation Potential Hills – 428,000 ha

16. Fundamental Challenge to Department of irrigation
The
Challenge

17. Engineering Intervention
Short Term – Groundwater Irrigation/ Solar pump
Terai
Long Term – Interbasin/ Reservoirs/ Large Projects
Engineering and Technological Interventions
Conventional Systems – hill slope permits
Hills / Mountains
iSMART

18. Utilization of Perennial Rivers
Annual Volume of Water Resources Vs Utilization
Annual volume of Water (~225 BMC) = Abundant
BUT
Huge Temporal and Spatial variation
Solution
Temporal variation = Storage Projects
Spatial variation = Inter Basin Water Transfer (IBWT)

19. Ground water Irrigation Potential

20. GW Potential Vs Development

21. Mode of Project Financing in Practiced in Nepal

22. Medium Irrigation Project / Programs
Community Managed Irrigation Sector Project- Additional Financing (CMIASP-AF) supported by ADB
Project period 6 years 7/2014-7/2020

23. Project Objective and Output – CMIASP-AF
A. Objectives
Increase Agriculture Production & Productivity
Contribute to the National Food Security
B. Output
Farmers in the sub-project area have improved irrigation Infrastructure in 25,907 ha (200 system of 2 regions)
WUAs independently manage irrigation system in a socially, inclusive and equitable manner
Farmers adopt improved Agriculture practices
National Institutions are strengthened for effective irrigation service delivery

24. Community Managed Irrigation Sector Project (CMIASP-AF)
Project Cost
In Million US $
Share of Total in %
ADB 30
41.3
OFID
GON
11.27
15.5
Beneficiaries
1.42
1.9
Total
72.69
100%

25. Project Financing for CMIASP-AF
S.N.
Cost Categories
Project Cost in M US Dollar
Cost sharing in %
Loan
GON
WUA 1
Civil Works
53.22
77.4
20.1
2.5 2
Consulting services
4.75 87 13 3
Logistics
1.4
100 4
Survey and Studies
3.22 5
Trainings
4.96 6
Project Management
1.63 7
Financing Charges
1.01 8
Un-allocated
Total
72.69
82.6
15.6
1.8

26. Medium Irrigation Project / Programs
Integrated Water Resources Management Project (The World Bank Support)
Project period 5 years

27. Project Objective and Output – IWRMP-AF
Objectives
To improve irrigated agriculture productivity and management irrigation schemes
To enhance institutional capacity for integrated water resource management
B. Output
Component A – Rehabilitation of 80 FMIS in 40 Districts for better irrigation services
Component B- Management transfer of Government developed irrigation system to the WUA – Total area 23,000 ha
Component C- Support WECS to prepare River Basins plan
Component D- Support Agriculture production activities

28. Project Financing for IWRMP
S.N.
Cost Categories
Total Cost in M US Dollar
Cost sharing in % of Total Cost
Loan
Grant
GON
WUA 1
Civil Works
32.52
79.99
17.04
2.97 2
Consulting services & studies
4.09
100 3
Logistics
3.96 4
Capacity Building
11.55
12.82
79.14
8.04 5
Project Management
3.48
4.03
80.75
15.22 6
Un-allocated
2.5
94.8
5.2
Total
58.10
51.64
34.43
12.28
1.65

29. IWRMP- Cost by Component
S.N.
Cost Categories
Total Cost in M US Dollar
Cost sharing in %
Loan
Grant
GON
WUA A
Irrigation Infrastructure Development and Improvement
31.012
59.24
25.96
11.82
2.98 B
Irrigation Management Transfer
12.825
59.59
25.53
14.88 C
Institutional and Policy Support for improved Water Management
3.48
3.91
80.84
15.25 D
Integrated Crop Water Management
8.283
17.96
70.82
11.22 E
Un-allocated
2.5
94.8
5.2
Total
58.10
51.65
34.43
12.34
1.58

30. Lesson Learnt Participatory approach Cost sharing arrangement
For the sustainability of Irrigation system, Irrigation Infrastructure Development Project should be designed with :
Participatory approach
Cost sharing arrangement
Capacity building of the water users
Agriculture extension works

31. Thank you for Your Patience