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Irrigation Development and Financing in Nepal
Ashok Singh DDG, Department of Irrigation, Nepal
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Five Development Regions
India China India India
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Status of Irrigation Development
Area of Nepal ,181 Sq km Total Cultivable Area 2,641,000 ha Total Irrigable Area 1,766,000 ha Status as of 2014/2015 Total Irrigated Land 1,368,914 ha Irrigation by surface (Gov) ,345 ha Irrigation using GW ,630 ha Farmers Managed Irrigation ,939 ha
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Irrigation Potential in Ha in Development Region
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History of Irrigation in Nepal
First irrigation system developed using modern technology by the government is the Chandra Irrigation system in BS 1985 (1929AD) with the support of Government of India
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Irrigation Present Status
78
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Irrigated Area by mode of Irrigation
=
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Irrigation Objectives
Past Food production Security against starvation in hills and mountains Increase in incomes Now Means for economic development with crop diversification Employment opportunity Future An essential component of growth, social and economic development, poverty reduction, equity and as links for national integration and unity. Irrigation water a tradable commodity in terms of "virtual water" particularly in the form of exported agricultural commodities.
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Irrigation Systems in Nepal -1
Small < 10 ha in hills < 100 ha in Terai Medium – ha in hills ha in Terai Surface Irrigation Major ha in hills ha in Terai Categories NCT Irrigation Large > 500 ha in hills > 5000 ha in Terai Ground Water Shallow Tube well up to 2.5 ha Deep Tube well generally 40 ha
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Irrigation Systems in Nepal - 2
Federal Affairs & Local Development Ministry Small < 10 ha in hills < 100 ha in Terai Information dissemination Demand driven Technical, regional balance, social and environmental consideration Water Users Association Participatory and capital cost sharing (3 to 15%) O & M by WUA Medium – ha in hills ha in Terai Major < ha in hills < ha in Terai National interest Food security, regional balance, Employment Technically, economic and environmental consideration Joint management Large > 500 ha in hills > 5000 ha in Terai
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Irrigation Systems in Nepal -3
Demand driven approach Request by WUA Participatory and capital cost sharing (For STW 50% of the cost of pump and dist.sys ) For DTW 3-5 % of the total cost O & M by WUA Development in cluster Shallow and Deep Tube well Sprinkler, drip, pond, lift etc Demand driven approach Participatory and capital cost sharing (5% for storage tank and 25% for distribution system) O & M by WUA NCT Irrigation
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Irrigation Management in Nepal
Small and Medium Irrigation Systems are managed by the beneficiary farmers Large and Major (>2,000 ha) irrigation systems are under joint management Management transfer of state developed irrigation systems began in early 1990. Operation and maintenance costs are to be covered by the ISF collected from the farmers
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Sources of Water for Irrigation
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Agriculture Vs Irrigation Potential (Conventional method), ha
Mountain Hills Terai
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Is round the year irrigation possible from medium & small rivers?
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Babai, m3/s 14 12 10 8 35 139 176 146 55 23 16 Rapti, m3/s 30 24 19 17 94 323 415 350 58 127 Bagmati, m3/s 15 32 214 539 513 338 137 57 160 Kamala, m3/s 7 5 4 3 44 130 157 102 45 Kankai, m3/s 13 11 22 66 186 180 121 61 29 Total, m3/s 83 69 87 74 453 1317 1441 1057 444 184 408 Small, m3/s 210 174 147 140 219 1092 3113 3523 2576 1111 463 275 293 243 205 227 1545 4430 4964 3633 1555 647 683 Terai, lps/ha 0.32 0.26 0.2 0.12 0.69 1.07 1.16 1.3 0.95 0.51 0.36 Hills, lps/ha 0.91 1.05 0.34 1.4 1.48 0.24 1.33 3.72 3.08 3.47 2.05 0.8 Average, lps/ha 0.47 0.45 0.53 0.57 1.14 1.83 1.76 1.61 Irrigation Intensity, % 47 28 148 212 149 113 53 39 85 Irrigation Potential Terai – 1,216,800 ha (Excluding irrigation from large river) Irrigation Potential Hills – 428,000 ha
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Fundamental Challenge to Department of irrigation
The Challenge
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Engineering Intervention
Short Term – Groundwater Irrigation/ Solar pump Terai Long Term – Interbasin/ Reservoirs/ Large Projects Engineering and Technological Interventions Conventional Systems – hill slope permits Hills / Mountains iSMART
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Utilization of Perennial Rivers
Annual Volume of Water Resources Vs Utilization Annual volume of Water (~225 BMC) = Abundant BUT Huge Temporal and Spatial variation Solution Temporal variation = Storage Projects Spatial variation = Inter Basin Water Transfer (IBWT)
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Ground water Irrigation Potential
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GW Potential Vs Development
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Mode of Project Financing in Practiced in Nepal
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Medium Irrigation Project / Programs
Community Managed Irrigation Sector Project- Additional Financing (CMIASP-AF) supported by ADB Project period 6 years 7/2014-7/2020
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Project Objective and Output – CMIASP-AF
A. Objectives Increase Agriculture Production & Productivity Contribute to the National Food Security B. Output Farmers in the sub-project area have improved irrigation Infrastructure in 25,907 ha (200 system of 2 regions) WUAs independently manage irrigation system in a socially, inclusive and equitable manner Farmers adopt improved Agriculture practices National Institutions are strengthened for effective irrigation service delivery
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Community Managed Irrigation Sector Project (CMIASP-AF)
Project Cost In Million US $ Share of Total in % ADB 30 41.3 OFID GON 11.27 15.5 Beneficiaries 1.42 1.9 Total 72.69 100%
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Project Financing for CMIASP-AF
S.N. Cost Categories Project Cost in M US Dollar Cost sharing in % Loan GON WUA 1 Civil Works 53.22 77.4 20.1 2.5 2 Consulting services 4.75 87 13 3 Logistics 1.4 100 4 Survey and Studies 3.22 5 Trainings 4.96 6 Project Management 1.63 7 Financing Charges 1.01 8 Un-allocated Total 72.69 82.6 15.6 1.8
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Medium Irrigation Project / Programs
Integrated Water Resources Management Project (The World Bank Support) Project period 5 years
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Project Objective and Output – IWRMP-AF
Objectives To improve irrigated agriculture productivity and management irrigation schemes To enhance institutional capacity for integrated water resource management B. Output Component A – Rehabilitation of 80 FMIS in 40 Districts for better irrigation services Component B- Management transfer of Government developed irrigation system to the WUA – Total area 23,000 ha Component C- Support WECS to prepare River Basins plan Component D- Support Agriculture production activities
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Project Financing for IWRMP
S.N. Cost Categories Total Cost in M US Dollar Cost sharing in % of Total Cost Loan Grant GON WUA 1 Civil Works 32.52 79.99 17.04 2.97 2 Consulting services & studies 4.09 100 3 Logistics 3.96 4 Capacity Building 11.55 12.82 79.14 8.04 5 Project Management 3.48 4.03 80.75 15.22 6 Un-allocated 2.5 94.8 5.2 Total 58.10 51.64 34.43 12.28 1.65
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IWRMP- Cost by Component
S.N. Cost Categories Total Cost in M US Dollar Cost sharing in % Loan Grant GON WUA A Irrigation Infrastructure Development and Improvement 31.012 59.24 25.96 11.82 2.98 B Irrigation Management Transfer 12.825 59.59 25.53 14.88 C Institutional and Policy Support for improved Water Management 3.48 3.91 80.84 15.25 D Integrated Crop Water Management 8.283 17.96 70.82 11.22 E Un-allocated 2.5 94.8 5.2 Total 58.10 51.65 34.43 12.34 1.58
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Lesson Learnt Participatory approach Cost sharing arrangement
For the sustainability of Irrigation system, Irrigation Infrastructure Development Project should be designed with : Participatory approach Cost sharing arrangement Capacity building of the water users Agriculture extension works
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Thank you for Your Patience
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