1. Nicaragua Country Profile
MINISTERIO DE HACIENDA Y CRÉDITO PÚBLICO
Nicaragua Country Profile
Summer School on Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development, Trieste 2017
Participants: Maxim Castañeda,
Osmar Cuadra,
Lenín Chavarría,
Amanda Martínez.

2. Figures Capital Managua Area (Kms2) 130,373 Country Location
Central America
Lat |Long
Population (Millions)
6.3
Income per-cápita (U$)
2,034.9
Poverty (2014)
29.6
Inequality (Gini 2014)
47.1
GDP (U$ Millions)
13,230.1
GDP Growth Rate (%)
4.7
Pacific Region
Central Region
Caribbean Region
Source: Central Bank of Nicaragua, INIDE.

3. Sustainable Development Background

4. Climate Climate classification of Nicaragua according to Koppen
Climate comfort index
Average annual temperature
Hot
Very hot
nice weather
Hot and Subhumid Climate with Rain in Summer; AW (AW o, AW 1, AW 2), This climate predominates throughout the Pacific Region and in most of the Northern Region.
The Monsoon Climate; Am, predominates in the plain of the Autonomous Regions of the Atlantic.
Hot and humid weather with rain all year round; A (f), is manifested to the Southeast of the Autonomous Region of the South Atlantic and in the Department of Río San Juan.

5. Geography 1 2 3
Geography of the country is divided into three main regions
Region of the Pacific. Characterized by a volcanic chain
Central region: It is characterized to have majors elevations ( msnm)
Region Caribbean: extensive plains with greater water potential.

6. Hydrometeorological Project of Central America (PHCA), 1970
Hydrography of the country
There are two delimitations of watersheds nationale, the first in edited in 1970 and another edited in 2015
Hydrometeorological Project of Central America (PHCA), 1970
1970 edition: 21 basins at the national level:
13 drain into the Caribbean Sea
8 drain to the Pacific Ocean
Delimitation of Hydrographic Units of Nicaragua under the methodology Pfafstetter, 2015
2015 Edition:
540 defined hydrological units
Within the framework of the Central American Hydrometeorological Project (in Spanish PHCA), in the late 1960s to 1970, a basin delineation was defined for Central America, where Nicaragua is divided into twenty-one basins, eight in the Pacific region Pairs) and thirteen in the Atlantic area (odd code)
Percápita en m3 6X106 hab=
25,542.59
Percápita en lt 6X106 hab=
25,542,588.06
Water balance

7. Energy

10. Land Grasslands and forests have undergone significant changes.
1983
2000
2010
2015
2005
Grasslands and forests have undergone significant changes.
Average annual deforestation rate of 70 thousand hectares.

11. Relevant sectoral policies
Nicaraguan Human Development Plan:
Main Objective: To reduce the inequality gap by reinforcing the actual policies oriented to decrease poverty, and increasing government investment in social sectors and rural infrastructure.
Sectoral Edges:
Productive transformation of the country with policies and programs that seek the diversification and increase agricultural production, yields and value added, guaranteeing food and nutritional security of the population and export production with greater added value, under a natural resources protection approach.
Promote sustainable and environmentally friendly production, preserving forests, making rational use of water, using inputs, fertilizers and pesticides that reduce damage to the soil and protect biodiversity.
Public investment will continue to focus on productive infrastructure, prioritizing strategic sectors such as: energy, potable water, roads and social infrastructure.
Promote integrated programs for the protection and management of watersheds for productive and human uses.
The fundamental purpose of the energy policy is to promote universal access to modern energy services, diversification of the energy mix (with renewable sources) energy efficiency and increase the rural electrification.

12. Modelling tools to inform policies
Models developed or in developing in Nicaragua
Energy planning model (OSEMOSYs)
Economic model with energy extension (Computable General Equilibrium)
Water Planning model (WEAP)
Integrated Planning Model (CLEWS)
Result
The Energy Policy Note was prepared considering 3 mayor scenarios: (1) high and low fuel prices, (2) more availability of solar and wind capacity and (3) different modalities of entry into operation of the biggest hydroelectric project to the system.
Economic Policy Notes are being draw up. External vulnerabilities policy note is considering a decline of the main exportation commodities, contraction of foreign financing and remittances from the rest of the world. Also, it is being prepared an Energy subsidies and Hydroelectric investment policy notes.
The final report of the WEAP model was prepared by the KTH technical assistance team, the model was implemented in three water basins.
Integrated assessment of policy recommendations. CLEWS´s national model is being developed and government agencies are being trained by UNDESA-KTH.
Energy and Economic Model: Institutions trained MEM, BCN, MHCP, MARENA, MIFIC, MAG, ENATREL and SPPN
Planning Water Model: Institutions trained INETER, NUEVO FISE, ENACAL and MHCP
CLEWS (Climate, Land, Energy and water systems): Institutions trained MEM, INETER, MHCP, MAG, ENACAL, BCN,

13. Thanks!