1. Blind Aid Developments Using Design and Engineering Approach
Kuang-Chin Tai

2. Jakob Nielsen

3. Assistive device development
Design
Usability
Functionality
Multidisciplinary
Engineering
Usability
Usability
Functionality
Functionality

4. Multidisciplinary approach Conclusion and suggestions
No example of using multidisciplinary approach to develop assistive device
Multidisciplinary approach
Conclusion and suggestions

5. Characteristics of Blind

6. Sensory Substitution Device

7. HOT WATER LEVEL DETECTION

8. Requirements
Usability
Functionality

9. Context of Use

10. Requirements
Allow blind users to detect the level of hot water in the bowl.
Able to be stored with others containers.
Easy to be washed.
Have an appearance accepted by the family and friends of the blind.

11. Solutions
Hit
Lid
Heat conduction

12. Prototype

13. Prototype

14. Evaluation Test: Average error, Average water level, Spend time.
Satisfaction:
Interpretation, Storage, Wash, Public, Purchase.

15. Evaluation

16. Evaluation
The task was to fill a bowl with hot water to a target water level (400 ml) through a kettle
1. The subject was shown a bowl and used a single initial trial to accustom with the bowl.
2. The subject conducts the task for 9 trials. The water levels and time taken were record, but only the data for last 5 trials were used for evaluation.
3. The subjects were asked usability questions against a post- questionnaire.

17. Evaluation

18. Evaluation

19. Evaluation

20. Evaluation

21. Discussion

22. Discussion
Before
Now
Usability
Functionality

23. Appendix
Heat Conduction Bowl

24. SYMBOL DETECTION

25. Electronic Mobility Aids

26. Requirements
Literature
group
discussions

27. Requirements Usability Functionality Taxi No Taxi Include
Pedestrian walk symbols
15 meter
Pedestrian walk symbols
> 15 meter
Zebra crossings
High-resolution image
320 X 280 pixel
Zebra crossings
Low-resolution image
< 320 X 280 pixel
Tactile guide paths
No junctions
Tactile guide paths
Include junctions

28. Color Learning Module

29. Color Learning Module

30. Symbol Detection Module

31. Symbol Detection Module - Color

32. Symbol Detection Module - Geometric
1. depth-first search algorithm
2. linked list data structure
3. number of the pixels > threshold (1200)

33. Symbol Detection Module - Geometric
1. depth-first search algorithm
2. linked list data structure
3. number of the pixels < threshold (16)

34. Symbol Detection Module - Geometric
1. Hough Transform-based algorithm
2. detects local maxima

35. Implementation - Line geometric
Image
Accumulator
Sum
Count F
Max.
Thresh.
VS.
380,340
10,470 2 64
72.65 -
11,340
1,787 10
12.69
113,580
10,038 79
22.63 +

36. Symbol Detection Module - Geometric
1. Hough Transform-based algorithm
2. detects local maxima

37. Symbol Detection Module - Geometric
1. Hough Transform-based algorithm
2. detects local maxima

38. Symbol Detection Module - Structure

39. Tests

40. Evaluation Detection of , positive, negative image.
Correct rate, Spend time.

41. Evaluation Positive Negative Num Corr Accy Time Taxi 93 100.00 7.28 64
Positive
Negative
Num
Corr
Accy
Time
Taxi 93
100.00
7.28 64
1.40
Walk symbol
263
257
97.72
2.09
125
119
96.57
1.91
Crossing
259
37.54 81 80
98.77
35.12
Straight for path 41
24.98 35
19.66
Junctions for path 90
30.21 60
21.53
Average
99.54
20.42
98.79
15.93

42. Discussion Usability Functionality Taxi No Taxi Awareness
Pedestrian walk symbols
15 meter
Pedestrian walk symbols
16 meter
Zebra crossings
High-resolution image
320 X 280 pixel
Zebra crossings
Low-resolution image
80 X 60 pixel
Tactile guide paths
No junctions
Tactile guide paths
Include junctions

43. Discussion

44. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

45. Benefits of multidisciplinary approach
Hot water level detection
Symbol detection
Usability
Taxi
Awareness
human-centered design
Interpretation
Tactile guide paths
Distinguishing
Functionality
Pedestrian walk symbols
16 meter
Zebra crossings
Low-resolution image
80 X 60 pixel
Computer vision
Physical phenomena
Tactile guide paths
Include junctions

46. Suggestions For designers For engineer
Protecting Ideas reasonable.
Searching literature for understanding user requirement.
Prototyping the ideas.
These suggestions also improve communications to both sides.