1. EXPLORING POULTRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS

2. OBJECTIVE 1: Understand the types of animals that are considered to be poultry.
A. Poultry is fowl, or birds, that have been domesticated or kept by humans.
Examples: chickens, turkeys, ducks, ostriches, emus, quail, pigeons, pheasants, and geese.

3. OBJECTIVE 1 continued
B. Poultry animals produce meat, feathers, and eggs. C. Most common poultry in U.S. = Chickens and turkeys

4. OBJECTIVE 2: Discuss the chicken industry.
The chicken industry primarily produces meat and eggs from chickens. A. Most birds in the chicken industry are purchased as chicks (baby chickens) and kept in long, low buildings.

5. B. There are two types of chickens—layers and broilers.
OBJECTIVE 2 continued
B. There are two types of chickens—layers and broilers.
Layers -raised to lay eggs.
Layers need at least 4 pounds of feed to produce a dozen eggs.
2. Broilers - fed to produce meat.

6. C. Chickens must be fed properly to produce.
Chicken feed- is a mixture of corn, sorghum, wheat, and other grains. Chickens swallow their food whole and use a strong, muscular organ, called a gizzard, to grind the food into smaller pieces. Layers need grit in their diets to be able to form the shell of the egg. Grit - small pieces of granite added to the chicken feed.

7. D. Egg production is an important part of the chicken industry.
1. The average American family eats about 250 eggs per year. 2. It takes hens just over one day to produce an egg. 3. After eggs are laid they are quickly moved to a plant that washes, measures, grades, and packages the eggs for sale. 4. Most eggs are in the grocery store about 72 hours after they are laid.

8. OBJECTIVE 3: Discuss the turkey industry.
The turkey industry produces over 275 million turkeys in this country each year.
Turkeys are raised mostly for meat.

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Producers who raise turkeys to lay eggs sell the poults (baby turkeys) as soon as they hatch to the producers who will feed them for meat production. Turkey eggs are light brown with dark speckles.

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While wild turkeys are mostly brown and have colorful feathers, domesticated turkeys, those that are raised by humans, are white with a red head and neck. Turkey feed is a mixture of corn and soybeans with extra vitamins and minerals mixed in. Toms (male turkeys) will eat about 80 pounds of feed before they reach market weight.

11. For eggs to hatch they must first be fertilized and incubated.
OBJECTIVE 4: Understand the parts of an egg and the development of the embryo.
For eggs to hatch they must first be fertilized and incubated.
Chickens will lay eggs even if they are not fertilized.
The non-fertilized eggs are the ones you can buy at the store.

12. OBJECTIVE 4 continued
A. The length of time for an embryo to develop in an egg varies by species.
1. Chickens need 21 days.
2. Geese need 29–31 days.
3. Turkeys need 27–28 days.
4. Ducks, depending on their species, need 28–35 days.

13. B. There are seven major parts of an egg.
1. Shell -the outer covering of the egg that protects the inside. The shell is made up of mostly calcium carbonate. 2. The shell membrane is actually two very thin linings that protect harmful contaminants like bacteria from entering the egg. 3. The air cell, or pocket, forms at the large end of the egg and grows larger as the embryo (developing baby chick) gets larger.

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4. The yolk is the center, yellow part of the egg that provides nourishment for the developing embryo. 5. The blastodisc is the area where the embryo will begin to grow if the egg is fertilized. When the egg is fertilized, this area is called the blastoderm. 6. The albumen is the egg white or clear part of the egg. It cushions the embryo as it grows and gives it protein. 7. The chalaza is the curly cord that holds the yolk in the middle of the egg.

15. CHICKEN EGG INTERNAL STRUCTURES
OBJECTIVE 4 continued
CHICKEN EGG INTERNAL STRUCTURES

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DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF A CHICK EMBRYO