1. The Spanish Empire in the New World
The Age of Exploration
The Spanish Empire in the New World

2. The Cause
Age of Exploration based on the desire for products from the Orient
Spices (pepper)
Fabrics (silk)
Opiates
Coffee/tea
Overland route across central Asia
Very expensive
Controlled by Ottoman Turks (Muslims)

3. Christopher Columbus
1492 Christopher Columbus convinces Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain to finance an attempt to get to India by sailing west
Sails in 3 ships
Nina, Pinta, & Santa Maria

4. The Voyage of Columbus 9 week voyage
Landed on Santa Domingo in the Bahamas on Oct. 12, 1492
Claimed lands in the name of Spain
Called natives Indians
4 voyages over next 10 years

5. Spanish Empire in America
Spanish establish a gigantic empire in the Americas
named for explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
Conquered and settled by Conquistadores

6. Motivations Motivated by the 3 Gs' Gold God Glory Wealth King got ½
desire to spread Catholicism
Jesuit & Dominican Monks
Glory
fame

7. Cortes & Pizarro Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs of Mexico in 1520-
Captured the capital of Tenochtitlan
killed Montezuma
Francisco Pizarro
conquered the Incas of Peru in 1532
Two giant vice-royalties of Mexico & Peru-ruled by a Vice Roy
Created gigantic wealth for Spain in gold & silver

8. Other Spanish Conquistadores
Father Junipero Serra- founded missions along California coast
Ponce de Leon
explored Florida in 1513
Fountain of Youth
St. Augustine
founded in 1565
oldest city in the U.S.
Coronado
explored the SW U.S. in 1540s
looking for the Seven Cities of Gold (Cibola)

9. The Spanish in North Carolina
Hernando de Soto led an expedition through the Southeastern U.S. ( )
Juan Pardo ( ) led an expedition to explore the Carolinas & Tenn.
Fort at Joara (Morganton)
Spanish founded missions in S.C. in an attempt to claim territory and convert the Indians

10. Effects on the Native-Americans
Indians annihilated by virgin soil diseases
Influenza, small pox, measles, typhus, diphtheria, scarlet fever
90% died
20 million to 2 million
Rest became slaves for Spanish mines and plantations
The Black Legend
Spanish only treated the Indians cruelly (British)
Discredited by modern scholarship

11. The Spanish Empire
Small number of Spanish (200,000) ruled giant empire
Based on giant estates called Ecomiendas
grants of land and Indian slaves
Class based system
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Indians

12. Pope’s (Po’pay) Rebellion
Spanish established colony of New Mexico in 1598 by Juan Onate
Centered at Santa Fe
Native rebellion led by Pope drove out Spanish in 1680
400 Spaniards killed
Tried to destroy all Spanish influences
Retaken by Spanish in 1692