1. SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION
Chapter 20

2. Exploration
Why did it begin?
Europeans wanted to purchase cheaper spices
Who controlled trade routes?
Italy and Egypt
Other reasons for exploring?
European Christians wanted to convert people
to Christianity

3. New Technology
Astrolabe and compass
Caravels: ship with triangular sails, which
allowed it to sail against wind
Rudder: improved steering
Other reasons for exploring?
European Christians wanted to convert people
to Christianity

4. Sailors
Vasco Da Gama
Left from: Lisbon Portugal (1497)
Where did he land: West coast of India
Significance: established trade route to Asia

5. Sailors
Christopher Columbus
Originally from: Italy
Voyage paid for by: Ferdinand & Isabella (Spain 1492)
Three reasons they paid?
Promised riches
New territory
Catholic converts
Route: Left the Canary Islands and crossed the Atlantic
Number of men and ships: 90 men & 3 ships (Nina, Pinta, & Santa Maria)
Purpose: To find a faster trade route to India & gain
riches for Spain

6. Landing location: Bahamas
Named the Island: San Salvador (“Holy Savior’)
Where did he think he landed: West Indies of the
coast of Japan or China
Horrible result of voyages: Columbus enslaved many tribes that he encountered

7. Amerigo Vespucci: Bahamas
-Italian explorer whose voyage was paid by
Spain
Voyage landed: present day South America
Significance: his letters led mapmakers to believe he had discovered a new land and named if for him.

8. Ferdinand Magellan
From: Portugal
Purpose: sail around the tip of South America
Significance: first crew to circumnavigate the globe
Risks faced: running low on food and water
Discovered & named: Pacific Ocean (means peaceful)

9. Outcome for Magellan-killed in battle in the Philippines before the voyage ended
Brutal Result: only 18 of original 250 crew & 1 of 5 ships survived the trip