1. Chapter 12 Age of Exploration
Lesson 1 – Age of Exploration

2. Europe Gets Ready to Explore
During the Middle Ages, Europeans began to buy silks, spices and other luxury goods from Asia (How did they learn about these things?)
The Crusades
Spices were in particular high demand (What spices?
[pepper, cinnamon, and nutmeg]
They were used for perfumes, cosmetics, and medicines

3. Caravan’s brought items over the Silk Road
A network of merchants controlled trade from Asia to Europe
Caravan’s brought items over the Silk Road
Middle Easterner’s shipped the goods to Europe
The Arabs were making high profits
The Italians made profit selling them to other Europeans

4. Political changes eventually disrupted this trading network
The merchants realized if they could get the goods directly, they would be cheaper and then they could make more profit
If they could reach Asia by sea, it would be quicker than overland travel

5. Technology & Exploration
Astrolabe
Compass
Maps (cartography)
Printing press
Improved ships
- triangular sails
Rise of Strong kingdoms (Portugal, Spain, France & England)

7. Early Voyages Portugal
- Prince Henry the Navigator (paid for voyages – school of Navigation)
- Bartolomeu Dias – sailed to the southern tip of Africa
- Vasco da Gama – landed in India
(Europeans found a water route to Asia)

8. The First Voyage of Columbus
Christopher Columbus
- Italian navigator
- He believed if he sailed west he could reach Asia
- Ferdinand & Isabella (King & Queen) of Spain agreed to pay for his voyage
- had 3 ships (Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria)
- finally sighted land – island of San Salvador

9. finally sighted land – island of San Salvador
Cuba
Hispaniola (Haiti & Dominican Republic)
Islands in the Caribbean
He traded with the Taino people he found on the island
He thought he had been exploring the coast of Asia

10. He did not realize he had arrived in the Americas
In 1502 another Italian explorer, Amerigo Vespucci believed Columbus has discovered a “new world”
Iin 1507, an early map maker labeled what is now South America continent with the name America
Then later the name was applied to North America

11. Spanish Explorers
Columbus’ 2nd voyage included conquistadors (solder-explorers)
The conquistadors had horses and snarling dogs running alongside them, this scared the Tianos.
The soldiers fired guns that scared them as well shooting flames and lead balls
The island was claimed for Spain

12. The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed between Spain and Portugal in 1494 which divided South America between the two countries

13. Voyage of Magellan
Spain hired Ferdinand Magellan to find a western water route to Asia
He sailed west from Spain and around the coast of South America and then on to Asia
The ocean to the west of S. A. was so peaceful that he named it “Pacific Ocean”
He sailed west
Water and food ran out, his crew was dying

14. After 4 months they land on the Philippine Islands
Magellan is killed
The remaining crew sails across the Indian Ocean and around Africa and returns to Spain
They become the 1st known people to sail around (circumnavigate) the world

15. 1st Known Circumnavigation of the World

16. Early French and English Explorers
1497 – John Cabot (Eng.) explores N. A. along Newfoundland and Nova Scotia – he was looking for a waterway to Asia
1524 – Giovanni da Verrazano (Fr.) explored and mapped the eastern coast of N. A. – he was looking for a waterway to Asia
1534 – Jacques Cartier (Fr.) sailed inland to present day Montreal – he claimed much of eastern Canada for France

17. By the early 1600’s they renewed their explorations
After these early expeditions France and England ceased exploring due to political and religious problems between each other and in their own countries
By the early 1600’s they renewed their explorations
They began to establish settlements (colonize) in the Americas, especially North America