1. WORLD WAR II

2. Axis Powers and Leaders

3. Germany Adolph Hitler Leader of ___________ political party
Blamed _____ for all of Germany’s economic problems

4. Italy
Benito Mussolini
Promised a new _______ Empire

5. Japan Emperor Hirohito
Wanted full political and economic control of Pacific
Believed in _____________and military run society

6. Japan Prime Minister Hideki ______
Responsible for all ___________operations during the war

7. Allied Leaders

8. Great Britain Winston ____________
Great orator and leader who kept British citizens from giving up

9. France Charles ____________
Led opposition against Germany after they took over France

10. Soviet Union (Russia) Joseph Stalin
____________ – killed all people who opposed his rule or spoke against Soviet Union

11. Soviet Union (Russia)
Did not join allies until Hitler ______________________him

12. CAUSES OF WWII

13. Axis Aggression
Axis Powers wanted to gain ___________________ and political control of the World
Japan invaded _______________and China to force US to recognize their dominance

14. Axis Aggression
US refused to recognize Japan and placed _______________ of oil and steel
Germany wanted to gain all lands lost after the WWI in the treaty of _________________

15. Axis Aggression
Italy invaded ______________ in 1935 to show its dominance

16. Appeasement
Policy of giving into ________________________pressure to avoid war
Allowed Germany to recapture some lands & rebuild their military

17. War Breaks out in Europe

18. Munich Pact
Hitler and Stalin sign a non-___________pact agreeing not to attack each other

19. _____________, 1939
Germany and Soviet Union invade _______________ after being warned not to invade by France and Great Britain
Official start of World War II

20. US Isolationism
US did not want to be involved in another ____________ War
US was still going through the Great Depression

21. Lend-Lease Act
US gave __________ supplies to Great Britain in exchange for islands in the Caribbean
FDR compared it to “lending a garden __________ to a next-door neighbor whose house is on fire”.

22. Lend-Lease Act
US used the war to end the ________________________

23. Battles and Strategies
World War II
Battles and Strategies

24. Axis War Strategy

25. Strategies - Europe
____________ – fast, lightning attacks on your enemy before they can recover
Invade and conquer __________
Use German Air Force to bomb __________ __________until they surrender

26. Strategies - Europe
Destroy ________ _________and quickly defeat Soviet Union
Take complete control of _____________ before US got involved in the war

27. Strategies - Pacific
Japan wanted full __________ and _____________ control of Pacific
Felt US needed to recognize their ___________ in Pacific

28. Strategies - Pacific
Attack US Pacific Ocean military base and then invade _________ and ___________
They thought US would rather respect them than fight a long, costly war

29. Pearl Harbor
Dec __, 19___ Japan attacked the US military base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Destroyed US Pacific fleet of warships

35. Pearl Harbor Dec __ – US declared war on _________
Dec ____ – Germany and Italy declared war on ___
US now fully involved in World War II

36. Allied Strategy

37. Strategy - Europe Defeat ________ first
Most US resources were sent to Europe and Africa to fight Germany and Italy
Attack Hitler from _____ directions and push back toward ______________

38. Battles – Europe and Africa

39. Battle of Britain (Aug 1940)
British cities were relentlessly _________ by German Air force
Churchill refused to allow British citizens to _________ ____

40. El Alamein (Nov 1942)
German forces threatening to seize _______ and the _________ Canal were defeated by the British.
Importance
Prevented Hitler from gaining access to Middle Eastern _____ and attacking the Soviet Union from the south.
Allies got access to Germany from the ___________

44. Stalingrad (Sept 1942)
Hundreds of thousands of German soldiers were killed or captured in the _____________ city of Stalingrad.
Importance
This defeat prevented Germany from seizing the ________ ________fields
Allies got access to Germany from __________

49. Normandy (_____) June _, 19___
Allied troops under _________________ ____________ landed in German-occupied France
Importance
Despite intense German opposition and heavy American casualties, the Americans were able to ___________ France.
Allies were able to attack Germany from the ________

50. V-E Day (_____, 1945)
US and Russian forces closed in on Germany from all sides
Adolph Hitler _________ himself before he could be captured
German forces _____________, ending the war in Europe

51. Battles and Strategies Pt 2
World War II
Battles and Strategies Pt 2

53. Strategy - Pacific Island ___________
seizing islands closer and closer to Japan and using them as bases for ________________on Japan
cutting off Japanese ____________ through submarine warfare against Japanese shipping

54. Battles – Pacific Ocean

55. “Miracle of Midway”
American naval forces defeated a much larger Japanese force as it prepared to seize Midway Island
Importance
The American victory ended the Japanese threat to __________ Hawaii.

56. Iwo Jima and Okinawa Islands were within _____________ miles of Japan
Both invasions cost thousands of American lives and even more Japanese lives
Heavy fighting by Japanese soldiers to protect these islands

57. Kamikaze Fighters
Japanese soldiers who would commit ___________ rather than surrender

58. Iwo Jima and Okinawa Importance
US could set up military _____ _______ to easier bomb Japan
Made an ____________ of Japan possible

59. Use of the atomic bomb
US did not want to invade Japan because they did not want ______ ___________
President Truman ordered the use of a new weapon called an _________ bomb

60. August ___, 1945
America dropped the atomic bomb on Japanese city, ________________

61. August ___, 1945 America dropped atomic bomb on _______________
Over 250,000 people instantly killed in both cities
Thousands more died from radiation

67. V-J Day
September _____, 1945
____________ formally surrendered to the United States

68. Contributions of Minorities to Allies
Minority units suffered high casualties and won numerous medals for bravery in action.

69. __________ Airmen
Squad of _____ _____________who served with distinction in Europe
No pilots were shot down during war

70. Nisei Regiments
_________ _____________groups who worked as spies and soldiers for United States

71. Codetalkers
________Indians who used their language to code US messages in Pacific
Japanese could not __________ intercepted US messages

72. Mexican Americans Fought for US in ________segregated military units
Other minorities were segregated from white units

73. WWII – War Crimes

74. War Crimes
During WWII, brutal crimes were committed against the ______________________by all countries involved in war
Millions of innocent people were killed by random bombing, ___________________, and discrimination

75. Bataan Death March
American POWs suffered brutal treatment by the Japanese after the surrender of the ________________in 1942.
Forced to march through jungle without food or water
The treatment of POW’s in the Pacific war reflected the savagery of the fighting

78. Holocaust

79. Holocaust
_____________: The systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious, or cultural group
_______________: Hitler’s decision to exterminate all Jews
Jews were rounded up and sent to concentration camps to be killed

80. Holocaust Holocaust victims: 11 million total Jews (_________________)
Poles
Slavs
Gypsies
“______________________” (homosexuals, mentally ill, political dissidents)

85. Nuremburg Trials Nazi leaders and others were convicted of war crimes
Emphasized individual responsibility for actions during a war, _______________ of orders received
Led to increased demand for a Jewish homeland

86. Japanese Americans were sent to camps (prison) during the war
Japanese Internment
Japanese Americans were sent to camps (prison) during the war

87. Reasons for Internment
Strong anti-Japanese prejudice on the _____________Coast
False belief that Japanese Americans were aiding the enemy

88. Internment Japanese sued gov’t for violating their civil rights
Supreme Court Case of ________________vs United States ruled US did not violate Japanese civil rights

89. Internment
A public apology was eventually issued by the U.S. government in ___________________.
Financial restitution was made to survivors

93. Geneva Convention
Meeting in Switzerland to ensure the ____________________ treatment of prisoners of war by establishing rules to be followed by all nations
“The conduct of war often reflects social and moral codes of a nation “
Set up the ______________of war for future wars

94. World War II
On the Homefront

95. On the Homefront
United States success in World War II required the total commitment of the nation’s __________________.
Public education and the mass media promoted nationalism

96. United States Resources

97. US Resources
U.S. government and industry worked together to distribute resources
Office of War ________________ created to control resources

98. Economic Resources

99. Economic Resources
________________ maintained a steady supply of materials for war
War bonds and _______________ tax were used for financing the war

100. Economic Resources
Business was retooled from peacetime to ________________ production

101. Human Resources

102. Human Resources
More __________________ and minorities entered the labor force
Citizens volunteered in support of the war effort

103. Women
Replaced men who went to serve in the military (e.g., ___________ the Riveter).
They participated in non-combat military roles

107. African-Americans Double V Campaign
Victory in war and victory in _____________________at home
Demanded an end to segregation in military

109. Military Resources
The _______________/selective service was used to provide personnel for the military

110. Role of Media and Mass Communications

111. Role of the Media
Media and communications assisted the gov’t in supporting the war
U.S. government maintained strict ________________ of reporting of the war
Censorship: blocking certain materials from being published

112. Role of the Media
Hollywood produced movies, plays, and shows that boosted morale and _________________
Portrayed the enemy in stereotypical ways

118. Political, economic and social consequences of the war

119. Legacy Of WWII Massive ______________ and death
End of Allied cooperation and beginning of “____________” – political tensions

120. Legacy Of WWII
US and Soviet Unions are only __________________ countries
Atomic fallout – all countries rushed to get ____________ bomb

121. Legacy Of WWII US troops permanently stationed _____________ the world
US will maintain a standing ____________ in peacetime

122. Legacy Of WWII
Germany (and Berlin) divided into _________ military zones
each zone controlled by one of the 4 major Allied powers