1. Rome

2. Essential Questions
1. What influences did Rome have on the Western world?
2. Compare the Roman Republic to American Democracy.
3. What impact did the Punic Wars have on Rome?
4. What were successful and unsuccessful reforms made by Roman leaders throughout its history?
5. Was the Roman Republic or Roman Empire more successful for Rome? The individuals?
6. What factors led to the spread of Christianity? Which were the most significant?
7. What factors led to the Fall of Rome? What factors were most significant?

3. -753 BC Romulus built city of Rome
Italian Peninsula
-753 BC Romulus built city of Rome
-Between BC seven villages on hills united to form Rome
620 BC Etruscan family gained control of Rome and built roads and a town square called a forum.
534 BC Tarquin the Proud was overthrown
Rome Background

4. Rome
What is a Patrician?
What is a Plebian?

5. Rome 494 Plebeians go on strike Demanding: 451 BC 12 Bronze Tablets
Tribunes
Assembly of Tribes
Written Law code
451 BC 12 Bronze Tablets
287 BC Assembly of Tribes could make laws

6. Roman Republic: Use your book to compare the two…..
Rome
United States
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
Legal Code
Citizenship
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
Legal Code
Citizenship
Roman Republic: Use your book to compare the two…..

7. Roman Legions Originally all men had to serve
Adopted Greek phalanx system
6,000 men per division
60 to 120 per phalanx
Soldiers were well trained
Deserters were put to death

8. Roman Legions Conquered Peoples Military colonies Kept some government
Partial rights
Some became citizens
Military colonies
Used to defend high ground/ river crossings

9. Rome and Carthage 264 BC

10. Punic Wars 1st Punic War 264 BC
Carthage threatened to seize the Strait of Messina
Romans sent force to stop it
Rome had stronger army/ Carthage had stronger Navy
Rome snares Carthage ships and pulls them in to gain tactical advantage
241BC Rome wins

11. Punic Wars 2nd Punic War 221 BC
Hannibal (Carthage) grabs Spanish city (Rome’s Ally)
Hannibal brings 40,000 troops and 40 elephants through Swiss Alps
216 BC Hannibal has defeated most of the Roman Army
202 BC Scipio rallies Romans and defeats Carthage gaining Spain

12. Punic wars 3rd Punic War 166 BC Carthage begins to rebuild
Rome burnt Carthage to the ground enslaving their population and salting their fields
130BC Rome has conquered the entire Mediterranean

13. Rome Newly acquired land was divided into provinces
Define the following terms
Proconsuls:
Latifundia:
Each Province had a tax collector as well
Landless farmers filtered into Rome

14. Fall of Roman Republic
133 BC Tiberius Gracchus gets elected as a Tribune
Proposes law to limit size of latifundias
Law passes through Assembly of Tribes
Killed By Opponents
123 BC Gaius Gracchus
Pushes for more land reforms and new court
121BC was killed
111BC Senate ends land reforms
70 BC Pompey and Licinius get elected as consuls
60 BC Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus form triumvirate

15. Rome- Julius Caesar
Caesar conquers Celts and Gaul extending Roman Empire
Pompey grows jealous of Caesar ordering him to leave his troops North of the Rubicon River
How did Caesar respond to Pompey’s order?
What did Caesar's response result in?

16. Rome- Julius Caesar 45 BC Caesar was named Dictator for Life
Caesar reforms
Gave jobs to poor
Granted citizenship
Added reps from provinces to Senate
Adopted new calendar
3/15/44 BC “Ides of March”

17. Rome- 2nd Triumvirate
Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian create 2nd Triumvirate.
Octavian forces Lepidus into retirement
Mark Antony falls in love with Cleopatra and is accused of treason
Octavian defeats Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium 31BC.

18. Rome- Augustus Caesar
27 BC named Rome’s first Emperor (Senate to advise)
August (anointed) Caesar- Grand Nephew of Julius real name Octavian
31 BC Pax Romana
Reforms
Rebuilt roads
Improved grains
Tackled gov. corruption
Constructed public buildings

19. Julian emperors 14 BC 68 AD
14 AD Tiberius- Accused many innocent people of treason
37 AD Caligula- Mentally ill, killed by a palace guard
41 AD Claudius- Scholar, but struggled with state affairs
54 AD Nero- Cruel and insane, willing to bankrupt Rome for horse racing and music. Killed his wife, mother, and several others.
68 AD Nero was killed. “What a loss I shall be to the arts”
Next 28 years emperors were puppets controlled by the army.

20. Good Emperors 96 AD Nerva- began custom of an heir
98 AD Trajan- Empire reached it’s greatest extent
117 AD- Hadrian- Consolidated conquests, reorganized bureaucracy
138 AD Antonius Pius- Mostly peace and prosperous
161 AD Marcus Aurelius- Most prosperous period for Rome

21. Christianity Originally a Sect within Judaism
Early Christians were Jews waiting for the messiah
30-33 AD, Jesus of Nazareth
Pontius Pilate crucified Jesus Christ

22. Christianity
Those who believe Christ was the messiah became Christians
Paul spread the word of Christ
Peter established the first church in Rome (first pope)
Christianity was still illegal

23. Christianity
Bible: Old Testament (Jewish Torah), and New Testament (written after Christ)
Gospels: First four books of New Testament, describe Life of Christ

24. Christianity 313 Edict of Milan legalizes Christianity in Rome
325 Council of Nicaea organizes Christianity
391 Christianity becomes official religion of Rome
476 Rome fell, but Christianity remains intact and dominant

25. Christianity St. Augustine of Hippo Church Hierarchy
Confessions- confesses is love and devotion to God
City God- Says to Love God First
Church Hierarchy
Pope
Archbishop/ Cardinal (later)
Bishop/ Prior(later)
Priest/ Monks (later)
Friar (later)

26. Roman Decline Commodus is very Nero like
192 – 284, 28 emperors are killed
Constantly fighting Germanic Tribes such as the Goths, Visigoths, Huns, Franks, and Saxons
Economy declined, inflation set in
Diocletian
Split empire into east/west
Edict of Prices
Froze Wages
Set Economic Prices
Prevented farmers from leaving
Constantine
Chained workers to farms
Made jobs hereditary
Founded Constantinople in East
Theodosius
Officially split Rome into two
East becomes Byzantium Empire

27. Roman Decline Visigoths- 300’s – 400’s Huns 476 AD
Killed Eastern Emperor
Actually sacked Rome
Huns
Attila the Hun
Visigoths
476 AD
14 year old Romulus Augustulus was killed by German General
Died without an heir & was never replaced
The Byzantium Empire remained in power until 1453 AD