1. Waste Recycling Technologies for Environment Protection
Piotr Grzybowski, Ph.D. Eng.
Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering,
Warsaw University of Technology
Europe House, 17 Feb 2017

2. Natural Materials, feedstock
„Ther is no real recycling until adequate technology is applied”. Two idealistic sustainable development models: 1) 2)
Products
Products
Natural Materials, feedstock
Wastes
Materials, feedstock
Wastes
Natural degradation

3. 1. Fuel form Polyolefins Thermal cracking of polymeric waste
(Hydro - cracking)
(Catalytical – cracking )
- Polyethylene , PE, HDPE, LDPE ( plastic bags, containers, bottles, fertilizers bags, agriculture foils etc.)
Polipropylene, PP ( foils, packages )
Liquid fuels, efficiency app. 85%
Oil and gasoline fractions, app. 1:1
Gases (non condensing), app. 5%-10%
Charcoal / cox, app. 5%-10%

4. poliethylene chain: CH3-. -CH2-(CH2)n-CH2-
poliethylene chain: CH3-...-CH2-(CH2)n-CH CH3 where n= 4000 – cracking products: - gases, C1-C4 - liquids, C5-C19 - solids (wax), C20- C40

5. Thermal cracking of polyolefins : - Requires special type of pyrolytical reactor. - Available various types of cracking process. - Products fractions and products efficiencies depend on cracking reactor type, process type and parameters of the process. Part of the products (gases) can be used for the reactor heating. In Poland arise app T/year of PE/PP wastes (population: 38 mln)

6. 2. PET bottles recycling PET : Poly-Ethylene-Terephthalate
is made of :
Ethylene glycol: HO-C2H4-OH, and
Terephthalic acid: C8H6O4
(or: Purified Terephthalic Acid – PTA)
PTA

7. Polish Technology (patented): converting of PET waste into initial substrates: PTA and Glycol kg PET → 323 kg Glycol kg PTA ( PTA: 600 USD/T; Glycol: USD/T ) Technology is profitable in European conditions. Enables processing of waste PET without initial separation from other impurities (caps, labels, other polimers, paper etc.) No need to segregate the colours of the PET waste.
waste PET
PTA
Glycol

8. 3. Waste biomass composting and earthworms production.
a) construction of a composting plant close to a big city for treatment of kitchen waste, green wastes and formation of compost b) construction of earthworms farm for animal tissue production for manufacturing a feed for fish and/or chicken

9. 4. Waste tyres and rubber recycling Tyre:. - rubber, 45%
4. Waste tyres and rubber recycling Tyre: - rubber, 45% - carbon black, 22% - metal, 25% - zinc oxide, 2% - sulphur, 1% - additives, 5 %
a) Shredding and the reuse of rubber scaps
- fresh rubber additive
- asphalt additive
b) Pyrolysis of waste rubber (tyres)
- liquid fuel, gas
- metal

10. 5. Recycling waste from tanning industry.
There is a technology for complete recovery of chromium from the so called „wet blue” (3%-4% Cr) and converting of the proteinic remainings into a nitrogenous fertilizer.
„Wet-blue” leather scraps, blue due to tanning with the use of chromium salts.

11. 6. Inductrial catalysts recycling
Contain heavy metals: Cu, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pt, Pd, Mo, V, Co and other Require special treatment, transportation, storage and are clasified as toxic / dangerous wastes Various types of the catalist require different treatment. Mostly the metalic fraction is washed off and separated. Only the inert / ceramic reaminings are dumped or further utilized.

12. 7. Air purification in poultry farms.
Actions:
Indoor air dust reduction
Elimination of ammonia (NH3) and
hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
Heat recuperation
Benefits:
Wellness of the animals
Increase of the productivity
Heating costs reduction
Odour reduction

13. 8. Fish industry waste Biogas production Composting Oil separation
Fertilizers for agriculture
Animal food production
Maggots production (full life cycle of some flies only 10 days! )

14. 9. Waste cellulosic material into slurry fuel
waste pyrolysis (app. 400°C )
→ charcoal milling (below 40 μm)
→ stable water suspension formation = slurry fuel (heating oil, diesel engine oil)
Waste type:
Wastes from wood industry
Mulch
City green wastes
Building Industry Wastes
Old funiture
Seaweeds
Cardboard / waste paper
Compost
Organic agricultural wastes
Fig. from: Wikipedia
1 T of dry wood can give 750 kg of slurry fuel (60%).

15. ( e.g. 50 m3.day – requires 1000 hectars of land for spreading )
10. Manure treatment and utilization
Problem for industrial farms where it is collected and removed from the sheds,
( e.g. 50 m3.day – requires 1000 hectars of land for spreading )
Composting with green wastes
Biogas production
Deammonification (ammonia liberation)
Drying and burning (costs ?)
Natural fertilizer

16. Thank you Any type (most) of the waste can be transfered
into usable products.
Wastes can be often clasified as raw chemical material.
Many waste treatment technologies are profitable.
New technologies for waste treatment still need to compete
with cheap landfilling.
Small – medium waste treatment plants can give 20k-100k $ pure profits/month by investment costs app 2 mln $.
Thank you