1. Chapter 18-2: CLADOGRAMS

2. Modern Evolutionary Classification
Problems with Linnaeus’ system:
Based on physical similarities and differences
Which physical characteristics were most important?
Dolphin…fish or mammal?

3. Which are most alike? crab barnacle limpet

4. TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION
Traditional Classification Versus Cladogram
Appendages
Conical Shells
Crustaceans
Gastropod
Crab
Barnacle
Limpet
Crab
Barnacle
Limpet
Molted exoskeleton
Segmentation
Tiny free-swimming larva
TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION
CLADOGRAM

5. TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION
Traditional Classification Versus Cladogram
Appendages
Conical Shells
Crustaceans
Gastropod
Crab
Barnacle
Limpet
Crab
Barnacle
Limpet
Molted exoskeleton
Segmentation
Tiny free-swimming larva
TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION
CLADOGRAM

6. Evolutionary Classification
Phylogeny: evolutionary relationships among organisms
Used to show relatedness
Higher the level of taxon, the farther back the common ancestor is
Ex. Common ancestor for an ORDER is farther back than the one for FAMILY

7. Cladograms
Diagram showing new evolutionary characteristics that arose over time.
Derived Characters- characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage, but NOT in older members

8. Determining evolutionary relatedness
Check the DNA  Similar genes = common ancestor

9. It looks like the two vultures would be more closely related, but actually the American vulture and the stork are more closely related by DNA. They also both urinate on their legs to cool down when they are hot.