1. Vascular Plants with Seeds

2. Vascular Plants with Seeds
Two main types
1. Gymnosperms
2. Angiosperms

3. Gymnosperms “naked seed “ plants seeds in cones or scales
Includes: 5 phyla
1. Phylum Coniferophyta
2. Phylum Cycadophyta
4. Phylum Ginkgophyta
5. Phylum Gnetophyta

4. Phylum Coniferophyta 1. Common name: Conifers 2. Examples:
pines, firs, spruces, junipers, larches, yews
3. Needle or scale-like leaves
4. Most of the evergreen trees or
shrubs

5. Phylum Cycadophyta Common name: Cycads Example : Cycas
Palm-like leaves, lives in tropics
Evergreen trees and shrubs

6. Phylum Ginkgophyta Common name : Ginkgoes Example: Ginkgo biloba
Only one remaining species
Deciduous trees with fan-shaped leaves
Fleshy seeds
Used as a memory-enhancing food supplement

7. Phylum Gnetophyta Common name: Gnetales
Examples : Ephedra, Welwitschia
Gymnosperm (“naked seed” shrub or vine with some angiosperm characteristics
Stimulant used in diet supplement
Welwitschia mirabilis

8. Angiosperms Plants with seeds inside fruits
Includes : trees, shrubs, herbs, or vines with flowers
One phylum : Phylum Anthophyta
rhododendron
sage
grape vine

9. Phylum Anthophyta Contains two classes: 1. Class Monocotyledones
2. Class Dicotyledones
corn
bean

10. Phylum Anthophyta 1. Class Monocotyledones (Monocots)
iris
1. Class Monocotyledones (Monocots)
A. Examples : palm trees, grasses,
lilies, irises, orchids
Tiger lily
orchid
Pampas grass
palm

11. Class Monocotyledones
B. Embryos with one seed leaf (cotyledon)

12. Class Monocotyledones
C. Parallel leaf veins

13. Class Monocotyledones
D. Flower parts in threes or multiples of three

14. Class Monocotyledones
E. Vascular bundles in stems scattered randomly

15. Phylum Anthophyta 2. Class Dicotyledones (Dicots)
A. Examples: roses, daisies, most deciduous trees

16. Class Dicotyledones B. Embryos with two seed leaves cotyledons
Bean seedling

17. Class Dicotyledones C. Leaf veins in a net-like pattern
(palmate or pinnate)
Palmate venation
Pinnate venation

18. Class Dicotyledones
D. Flower parts in groups of four
or five

19. Class Dicotyledones E. Vascular bundles in stems arranged in a
ring pattern

21. Angiosperms (a.k.a., flowering plants)
Carpel
(♀)
Flower stalk expands at the tip into a receptacle
- bears other flower parts in
whorls (circles)
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Petal
Anther
Filament
Sepal
(♂)
Stamen
Ovule
Receptacle

22. Angiosperms
Key
Haploid
Diploid
Microsporangium
Anthers contain microsporangia that produce microspores
Microspore
Meiosis
Pollen
Each microspore forms a pollen grain (a male gametophyte)
Sporophyte
Meiosis
Megasporangium
Gametophytes
Ovules contain megasporangia that produce megaspores
Megaspore
Embryo sac
Each megaspore forms an embryo sac (a female gametophyte)
Fertilization
Fig

23. Angiosperms Fig. 30.10 Pollen disperses to stigmas
Key
Haploid
Diploid
Microsporangium
Pollen disperses to stigmas
Microspore
Meiosis
Double fertilization is unique to angiosperms
Pollen
Sporophyte
Seedling
Sperm enter an ovule through a micropyle
Meiosis
Megasporangium
Gametophytes
Megaspore
From a single pollen grain, one sperm unites with the egg to produce a zygote;
Embryo
Embryo sac
Egg
the second sperm unites with 2 nuclei of the embryo sac to produce triploid (3n) endosperm
Zygote
2 sperm
Fertilization
Fig
Endosperm