1. To understand the effect of Mussolini’s policy on living standards
Economic policies including the Corporative State and the ‘battles’ for grain & births
To understand the effect of Mussolini’s policy on living standards
To analyse the success and failures of Mussolini’s policy on the economy and agriculture

2. Mussolini’s Aims Mussolini, like Hitler, no economist
Early in 1920s adopted populist economic policies to secure power
As 1920s developed wanted economic transformation- first ‘corporate state’
Autarky
Old economic problems ignored , north-south divide, rural poverty, industry underdevelopment

3. Impact of Fascist policies
Company profits up
Alberto de Stefani- Treasury Minister- traditional and helped control gov spending
Reduced state intervention, phones and ww1 taxes
TUs outlawed Vidoni Palace Pact 1925
2. Battle for the Lira
When was de Stefani dismissed?
What happened to the Lira in 1926 and why?
Why did Mussolini reset the exchange rate of the lira in Dec 1927?
How did the reset effect the economy?
Which areas did well from the fixed rate and which badly?
Impact of Fascist policies
on Italian Industry
4. Depression and Isolation
How did the depression effect Italy compared to the rest of the world?
How did Italy’s treatment in the 1930s lead to Autarky?
How successful was Autarky?
3. Corporate state- the theory
How did workers benefit in the early 1920s?
What is a corporate state and how does it operate?
The reality
Mussolini more on the side of big industry, Confindustria and against Rossoni.
How did the Ministry of Corporations claim success in 1926?
Who do you think benefited mostly from the corporations employers or workers?
5. Living standards
How did living standards change in the 1920s and 1930s with regards to inflation, unemployment
How did Mussolini feel about the change in living standards?

4. Agriculture 1. The Battle for Grain Attempt to become self sufficent
Mussolini saw need to import grain as a big weakness
Provided incentives for farmers, grants for tractotrs, machinery, fertiliser etc
1920s 5.5 million tonnes to 7 million tonnes 10 years later
Grain imports down 75%
Inappropriate land used
What were the successes and failures of this policy?
Agriculture
2. Land reclamantion
How did government money help, give examples?
How successful was land reclamation?
3. Impact of policies in living standards
How did the improvement in living standards vary between areas?

5. To what extent were Mussolini’s economic policies a success in the years 1925-1940?
Intro- what is a success, overall aims and ambitions
Section 1- corporate state
Section 2- Achieving Autarky
Section 3- Big business
Section 4- Popular support- battle for grain, and land reclamation
Section 5- improving the efficiency and production capacity
Section 6- Improving the living standards
Conclusion- Answer question, tie together argument
Throughout the essay make sure you are pointing out successes and failures and constantly refer to the question

14. Mussolini and powerful groups in Italy
Lesson Aims
To understand the Relations with centres of influence in Italy including: the king, the army, industrial and agricultural elites, other political parties e.g. the nationalists
Focus Essay Question
How far do you agree that the Catholic Church and the traditional elites aided Mussolini in his consolidation of power in the years ?