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Chapter 1 A Review of Basic Concepts (Optional)
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Section 1.1 Statistics and Data
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Section 1.2 Populations, Samples, and Random Sampling
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Section 1.3 Describing Qualitative Data
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Figure 1.1 SAS bar graph for data on 22 aphasiacs
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Figure 1.2 SPSS pie chart for data on 22 aphasiacs
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Section 1.4 Describing Quantitative Data Graphically
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Figure 1.3 Relative frequency distribution: IQs of identical twins
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Figure 1.4 Probability distribution for a quantitative variable
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Figure 1.5 MINITAB stem-and-leaf plot for EPA gas mileage
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Figure 1.6 SPSS histogram for 100 EPA gas mileage
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Section 1.5 Describing Quantitative Data Numerically
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Figure 1.7 MINITAB printout: Describing the no-show data, Example 1.6
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Section 1.6 Normal Probability Distribution
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Figure 1.8 A normal probability distribution
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Figure 1.9 Several normal distributions with different means and standard deviations
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Figure 1.10 Normal probability distribution m = 50, s = 15
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Figure 1.11 A distribution of z scores (a standard normal distribution)
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Figure 1.12 Standard normal distribution: m = 0, s = 1
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Section 1.7 Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem
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Figure 1.13 Sampling distributions for y based on a sample of n = 25 measurements
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Figure 1.14 Sampling distributions of x for different populations and different sample sizes
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Figure 1.15 A population relative frequency distribution and the sampling distribution for y
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Figure 1.16 The sampling distribution of y
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Section 1.8 Estimating a Population Mean
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Figure 1.17 Sampling distribution of y
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Figure 1.18 Locating za/2 on the standard normal curve
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Figure 1.19 SAS descriptive statistics for n = 50 sample attention times
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Figure 1.20 The t.025 value in a t distribution with 4 df and the corresponding z.025 value
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Figure 1.21 MINITAB descriptive statistics and confidence interval for Example 1.12
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Section 1.9 Testing a Hypothesis About a Population Mean
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Figure 1.22 The sampling distribution of y for m = m 0
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Figure 1.23 Location of the rejection region for various alternative hypotheses
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Figure 1.24 Testing Ha: m >m 0 using a p-value
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Figure 1.25 SPSS printout for Example 1.14
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Figure 1.26 Rejection region for Example 1.15
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Figure 1.27 SAS output for testing benzene mean
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Section 1.10 Inferences About the Difference Between Two Population Means
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Figure 1.28 SPSS analysis for diet study, Example 1.16
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Figure 1.29 SAS output for Example 1.17
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Figure 1.30 Rejection region for Example 1.17
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Figure 1.31 Rejection region for analysis of data in Table 1.17
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Figure 1.32 MINITAB paired difference analysis of data in Table 1.17
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Section 1.11 Comparing Two Population Variances
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Figure 1.33 An F distribution with 7 and 9 df
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Figure 1.34 An F distribution with 7 and 9 df: a = .05
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Figure 1.35 Rejection region for production example F distribution
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Figure 1.36 SAS F-test for the data Table 1.19
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