1. What is a Plant?

2. Plant Adaptations Leaves a. Photosynthesis
b. Waxy cuticles to prevent water loss.
Roots
a. Anchor
b. Absorb
Stems
a. Support
b. Transport (vascular tissue)
Reproduction
a. Seeds
b. Spores
Water beads on waxy cuticle

3. Alternation of Generations
All plants have two stages in their lives:
1. Gametophyte generation
a. ALL cells are haploid.
b. Produces gametes (eggs and sperm).
2. Sporophyte generation
a. Begins with fertilization
b. ALL cells are diploid
c. Produces spores by
meiosis – so the spores are HAPLOID.
Most familiar plants are the Sporophyte generation.

4. Phylogeny of Plants Non-vascular
1. No vascular tissue for transport so must be very small.
2. Need external water for fertilization.
3. Moss and liverworts are examples.
4. This is the only group that has a dominant gametophyte.
Click in Box to play Movie
Liverworts

5. 1. Have vascular tissue, so can grow very tall.
Vascular Plants
1. Have vascular tissue, so can grow very tall.
a. Xylem Tissue- transports water and some nutrients
b. Phloem Tissue- transports essential nutrients
2. Non-seed – reproduce with spores.
A. Examples:
1. Ferns
2. Horsetails
3. Club moss
B. Sporophyte dominant.
C. Need external water for fertilization.
Sporangia

6. 3. Seed Plants – embryo protected.
A. No external water required.
B. Double fertilization
C. Two types:
1. Naked seeds – no fruit forms.
a. Gymnosperms
(pines and Ginkgoes)
b. Seeds form in
cones.

7. 2. Covered Seeds
a. Baby sporophyte and food covered by a protective seed coat and fruit.
b. Gametophyte is sperm within pollen and egg within ovule.

8. Plant Ancestor Vascular Non-vascular Non-seed Seed Moss Liverworts
Ferns
Horsetails
Club moss
Non-flowering
Flowering
Monocots
Dicots
Conifers
Cycads
Ginkgoes

9. Plant Reproduction

10. What is a Flower? Site of sexual reproduction. Structure
1. Petals – leaf like, usually colorful to attract insects.
4. Stamen –male part, anther produces pollen
2. Sepals – usually green, below petals.
3. Pistil – female part,ovary produces eggs.

11. Click in Box to play Movie

12. 1. Perfect flowers – have all four parts.
Modifications
1. Perfect flowers – have all four parts.
2. Imperfect flowers – missing one or more of the 4 parts
Perfect Flower
Imperfect Flower – no petals