1. Chemistry 121 Winter 17
Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
Instructor Dr. Upali Siriwardane (Ph.D. Ohio State)
Office: 311 Carson Taylor Hall ; Phone: ;
Contact me trough if you have questions
Online Tests on Following days
December 16, 2016: Test 1 (Chapters 12-13)
January 23, 2017 : Test 2 (Chapters 14-16)
February 10, 2017 : Test 3 (Chapters 17-19)
February 22, 2017 : Test 4 (Chapters 20-22)
February 23, 2017: Make Up Exam: Chapters 12-22)

2. Chapter 19 and GHW#9 Questions and Slides
Lipids
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

3. Chapter 19: Lipids 19.1 Structure and Classification of Lipids, 654
19.2 Types of Fatty Acids, 656
19.3 Physical Properties of Fatty Acids, 659
19.4 Energy-Storage Lipids: Triacylglycerols, 661
19.5 Dietary Considerations and Triacylglycerols, 664
19.6 Chemical Reactions of Triacylglycerols, 669
19.7 Membrane Lipids: Phospholipids, 674
19.8 Membrane Lipids: Sphingoglycolipids, 681
19.9 Membrane Lipids: Cholesterol, 682
19.10 Cell Membranes, 684
19.11 Emulsification Lipids: Bile Acids, 687
19.12 Messenger Lipids: Steroid Hormones, 689
19.13 Messenger Lipids: Eicosanoids, 692
19.14 Protective-Coating Lipids: Biological Waxes, 694
19.15 Saponifiable and Nonsaponifiable Lipids, 697
CHEM 121 Winter 2017

4. Lipids
A wide variety of naturally occurring organic compounds classified together on the basis of common solubility properties: insolubility in water
insoluble in water
CHEM 121 Winter 2017

5. Lipids
A wide variety of naturally occurring organic compounds classified together on the basis of common solubility properties: insolubility in water
insoluble in water
Lipids include
Waxes: Esters of long chain fatty acids and alcohols
Triglycerides: Fatty acid esters of glycerol
Phospholipids: Fatty acid and phosphate esters of glycerol
Prostaglandins: structures based on Eicosanoids
Glycolipids: structures based on Spingosine
cholesterol, steroid hormones, and bile acids
fat-soluble vitamins
CHEM 121 Winter 2017

6. Lipids Waxes: Esters of long chain fatty acids and alcohols
CHEM 121 Winter 2017

7. Lipids Triglycerides: Fatty acid esters of glycerol
CHEM 121 Winter 2017

8. Lipids Phospholipids: Fatty acid and phosphate esters of glycerol
CHEM 121 Winter 2017

9. Lipids
Prostaglandins: structures based on Eicosanoids: Immune response to inflammation: Messenger lipids
Eicosanoids
CHEM 121 Winter 2017

10. Lipids Glycolipids: structures based on Spingosine
Nervous system insulation
CHEM 121 Winter 2017

11. Lipids
cholesterol, steroid hormones, and bile acids: Structural and Regulatory
CHEM 121 Winter 2017

12. Lipids
Fat-soluble vitamins
CHEM 121 Winter 2017

13. Lipid Structures
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

14. Eicosanoids: Messenger lipids
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

15. Glycolipids based on spingosine
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

16. Lipid classification by function
Protective-coating lipids - biological waxes
Energy-storage lipids – A fat or oil, triacylglycerols or triglycerides.
Membrane lipids - phospholipids, sphingoglycolipids, and cholesterol
Emulsification lipids - bile acids, soaps and detergents
Chemical messenger lipids – a) Steroid hormones,
b) Eicosanoids, and prostaglandins
Fat-soluble vitamins – E.g. Vitamin A, D, E and K
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

17. Common Names of Carboxylic Acids

18. Fatty Acids: Lipid Building Blocks
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

19. Fatty Acid Names
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

20. Fatty Acids: Lipid Building Blocks
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

21. Polyunsaturated fatty acids: omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

22. Essential Fatty Acids (EFA).
Fatty acids that cannot be produced by the body and are necessary for proper metabolism. The OMEGA 6 and OMEGA 3 fatty acids are referred to as Essential Fatty Acids (EFA).
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

23. Physical Properties of Fatty Acids
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

24. 1) Give names of the following types of lipids.
a) Name:____________ b) Name:____________
c) ) Name:____________ d) Name:____________
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

25. 1) Give names of the following types of lipids.
e) Name:____________ f) Name:____________
g) Name:____________ h) Name:____________
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

26. 1) Give names of the following types of lipids.
i) Name:____________ j) Name:____________
k) Name:____________
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

27. 2) Give the type, structure notation and names of the following fatty acids.
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

28. following fatty acids:
3) Draw the condensed structures of each of the
following fatty acids:
a. Decanoic acid b. Stearic acid c. trans-5-Decenoic acid d. cis-5-Decenoic acid
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

29. Esterification of glycerol with three molecules of myristic acid
4) Write an equation for each of the following reactions:
Esterification of glycerol with three molecules of myristic acid
Base (NaOH) hydrolysis or saponification of glyceryl tristearate
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

30. c) Reaction of decanoic acid with KOH
4) Write an equation for each of the following reactions:
c) Reaction of decanoic acid with KOH
d) Hydrogenation of linoleic acid
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

31. Phospholipids
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

32. 5) What are the structural differences between triglycerides (triacylglycerols) and phospholipids? Where they are found in living organisms?
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

33. Spingosine and Spingolipids
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

34. 6) What is a sphingolipid? Draw an example.
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

35. Steroids
Contains a characteristic arrangement of four cycloalkane rings that are joined to each other. Examples of steroids include the dietary fat cholesterol:
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

36. 7) What is a steroid? What are their applications?
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

37. 8) What are the two major types of fat substitutes and how they work
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

38. How aspirin relieves pain and inflammation?
Aspirin inhibits the production of prostaglandins
Concept of COX enzyme inhibition
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

39. Acetaminophen (Tylanol)
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

40. Triglycerides and lipoproteins:
high-density (HDL)or (LDL) lipoproteins
Lipoprotein particles: chylomicrons
Triglycerides transportation in the blood stream
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

41. Four major groups of plasma lipoproteins.
1. Chylomicrons
2. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)
3. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
4. High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

42. Triglycerides and lipoproteins:
high-density (HDL)or (LDL) lipoproteins
Lipoprotein particles: chylomicrons
Triglycerides transportation in the blood stream
chylomicron remnant
CHEM 121 Winter 2015

43. The roles of HDL, LDL, and cholesterol.
Cholesterol and lipoproteins are related plaque that causes heart attacks and most strokes.
When LDL levels are low, atherosclerosis and heart attacks are almost unknown.
High HDL levels are associated with a reduced risk of heart disease: "good" cholesterol
CHEM 121 Winter 2015