1. Plant Structure

2. Root and Shoot
Root
Underground structures with the following functions:
Anchor
Absorption
water
minerals

3. Types of Root System Fibrous
Network of fiber type roots that spread over large amount of space
Tap
Single large root that can also store food
Adventitious
Above ground-prop roots

4. Shoot
Two types
Vegetative
Stem leaf bearing's
Reproductive
Flower

5. Stems Stem Axillary and terminal buds
Made up of nodes (areas where leaves and other branches will form) and internodes(areas between nodes).
Axillary and terminal buds
Axillary
Form on sides of stem
Terminal
Form at end of stem

6. Apical Dominance
When a terminal bud is present the formation of axillary buds is repressed.
Found in young growth

7. Alternative Stems Stolons Rhizomes Tuber Runners in strawberries
Underground stems
Tuber
(potato)
Swollen tips of rhizomes
Bulbs
Undergound leaves(onions)

8. Leaves
3 parts
Blade
Petiole(sheathe if no petiole is present)
Nodes

9. Evolved Leaves Tendrils Spines Colorful Vines-clinging to structures
Protection in cactus
Colorful
Attract pollinators

10. Tissues
3 layers of tissues
Dermal
Vascular
Ground

11. Dermal Epidermal Single cell layer thick Found on all plant organs
Specialize based on structure it covers
Root hairs
Cuticle

12. Vascular Tissue Transportation in Plants Xylem Phloem
Carry water and minerals up the plant from roots
Phloem
Carry food product from mature leaves to non-photosynthetic parts of plant

13. Xylem Made up of two structures Dead at maturity Tracheids
Vessel elements
Dead at maturity
Form a non-living conduit through plant

14. Xylem continued Tracheids Vessel elements Long and tapered at ends
Thick cell walls (help with support of plant)
Perforated ends
Vessel elements
Thin cell walls
Short cells

15. Phloem Sieve tube members Companion cells Alive at maturity
Pass sugar down
Lack nuclei ribosomes and vacuoles
Companion cells
Nucleated alongside the sieve tube
Members aide in passing material

16. Ground All tissues that are not vascular or epidermal Pith
Inside vascular tissue
Cortex
Outside vascular tissue
Functions:
Support
Storage
Photosynthesis

17. 3 types of cells Parenchyma Schlerenchyma Collenchyma
These cells make up all tissues in plant

18. Cells form tissue by sticking together with middle lamella
Cells are interconnected by plasmodesmata
Some cells form secondary cell walls when finished growing

19. Parenchyma Thin and flexible Lack secondary cell walls
Make sieve tube in phloem
Make up most metabolic tissues
Photosynthesis
Food storage cells
Differentiate into other cells
Make new plant from one

20. Collenchyma Living at maturity Thicker primary cell wall
Unevenly distributed
Found in young shoot growth

21. Schlerenchyma Thickened cell walls Supported with lignin Support
Dead at maturity
Make up xylem
Tracheids
Vessel elements

22. Made up of fibers and sclerids Fibers
Long tapered strands
Hemp-rope
Flax-linens
Sclerids
Long strands bundled together for support