1. Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

2. A&P
Anatomy- branch of science for the structure (morphology) of the body
Physiology- functions of the body or parts of the body
Structure and function are closely associated
Example: Hand with joined fingers (Anatomy) is used to grasp objects (Physiology)

3. What do you think the 10 characteristics of life are?

4. Characteristics of Life
Movement- self initiated external as well as internal movements (blood)
Responsiveness- sense and react to changes inside or outside the body
Growth- increase in body size
Reproduction
Respiration- obtaining oxygen, use for cell respiration and remove wastes

5. Characteristics of Life Cont.
Digestion- chemical or physical
Absorption- passage of substances through membranes
Circulation- movement of substances in the body (usually with body fluids)
Assimilation- changing absorbed substances into new forms
Excretion- removal of wastes

6. What do you think are 5 things an organism needs to survive?

7. Maintenance of Life Needs of organism
Water- transport substances, regulate temperature, required for metabolic processes
Food- nutrients for energy, building blocks, and chemical reactions
Oxygen- metabolic processes
Heat- rate of reactions
Pressure- atmosphere, blood pressure etc.

8. Homeostasis
Need a relatively stable internal environment (concentrations, temp, pH, pressure)
This maintenance is called homeostasis
External environment changes
Thermostat- room and human, negative and positive feedback, control center, receptor

9. Levels of Organization
Atoms(smallest)
Molecule
Macromolecule
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organisms (largest)

10. Organization of Human Body

11. Body Cavities

12. Body Cavities Two major cavities with axial portion-
Dorsal Cavity (back)
Ventral Cavity(front)- divided into upper and lower regions by diaphragm
Thoracic Cavity – chest (contains heart and lungs)
Abdominopelvic Cavity- abdomen and pelvic region
1. Cranial Cavity- brain
2. Vertebral Cavity- spinal cord

13. Organization of Human Body Cont.
Organs found within cavities are called visceral organs
2 Body membranes within these cavities
Parietal Membrane- lines a body cavity
Visceral Membrane- covers a vital organ
covers a vital (visceral organ) = VISCERAL MEMBRANE.
b. lines a body cavity = PARIETAL MEMBRANE.

14. Anatomical Terminology
When anatomical position standing straight, face forward with arms at side and palms facing forward

15. Relative Position Superior- above or closer to head
Inferior- below or closer to feet
Anterior- (Ventral) front
Posterior- (Dorsal) back
Medial- equal left and right halves, closer to the middle line

16. Lateral- toward one side
Proximal- closer to attachment point or trunk of body
Distal- farther from attachment point or trunk of body
Superficial- surface
Peripheral- outward, near surface
Deep- internal parts

17. Body Sections
Saggital- cut lengthwise into R and L sections Hint: “sides”
Transverse- cut into inferior and superior Hint “upper & lower”
Frontal (Coronal)- cut into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections Hint “front and back”

18. Organ Systems of the Body
Integumentary system- skin, hair nails for protection, sensory and temp regulation
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Digestive System
Respiratory System
Circulatory System
Lymphatic System
Urinary (excretory System)
Reproductive System