1. Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology

2. THE HUMAN BODY Anatomy Ana- up, temos/tomos- cutting Study of the
Dissections
Study
of the
structures
in the
body
Physiology
Physis- nature, logos- study
Study of the functions of the body’s
parts

3. Principle of Complementarity of Structure and Function
The form of each body structure allows that structure to carry out its specific function
Function follows form, and form follows function
Function always reflects structure
What a structure can do depends on its specific form

5. The Anatomical Position
Body planes, regions, cavities and directional terms assume that the body is in the anatomical position
The anatomical position is described as:
Standing (or lying) facing front (or up)
Feet together pointed forward
Palms up, thumbs pointing away from the body.

6. The Skeleton is divided into:
Axial Portion of Skeleton
Head/ Skull
Cranial
Facial (orbital, middle ear, nasal, oral)
The vertebral column
The Trunk/ rib cage
Thoracic cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity

7. Appendicular Portion of Skeleton
The right and left upper limbs (arms)
The right and left lower limbs (legs)
*Includes shoulder & hip bones that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton

8. Body Planes and Regions
The body is subdivided into regions, planes, and cavities based on position or anatomical location:

9. Body Planes: Just as there are three planes in space (3 dimensions) the body has 3 spatial planes
Coronal or Frontal
Splits body into anterior and posterior halves
Midsagittal (sagittal)
Splits the body into right and left halves
Sagittal- any cut within that plane
Transverse or Horizontal
Divides the body into upper and lower halves

10. Name that body plane!

11. Skull—section?
Heart—section ?
Name this head section!

13. The Axial Skeleton Contains Body Cavities:
Cranial
Vertebral
Thoracic
Pleural (ea. houses a lung)
Pericardial (encloses heart)
Abdominal
Pelvic
Scrotal (external)

17. Body Regions: will be studied through a lab later
We’ll examine body region terms such as:
Abdominal
Acromial
Antebrachial
Antecubital
Axillary
Brachial
Carpal
Celiac
Cephalic
Gluteal
Pectoral
Pedal
examples

18. Other Types of Anatomy Vocabulary Include:
Body surfaces
Location reference words
Directional terms

19. Body Surfaces:
Rear—Posterior/ Dorsal
Front—Anterior/ Ventral

20. *These are based on 2 body areas/parts in relation to each other*
Location Reference Words:
*These are based on 2 body areas/parts in relation to each other*
1. Superior = body parts above other parts
2. Inferior = body parts below other parts

21. Cranial = body parts near the head
4. Caudal = (towards the tail) = body parts located near the sacral region of the spinal column (or near the tail bone)

22. 5. Medial = body parts located towards the middle or midline of the body
6. Lateral = body parts located away from the midline or middle of the body

23. Proximal = body parts close to the point of reference (“point of attachment”)
8. Distal = body parts away from the point of reference
Think arms and legs!

24. Superficial = toward the surface of the body
Deep = away from the surface of the body
Plantar = on or towards the sole of the foot
Palmar = on or towards the
palm of the hand

25. 13. Anterior = (Ventral)- towards the front
14. Posterior = (Dorsal)- towards the back

26. 15. Supine = lying face up 16. Prone = lying face down
*thumbs should be pointing out

27. A Few Directional Movement Reference Words:
Abduction = to move (an upper or lower limb) away from the mid-line of the body
Adduction = to move (upper or lower limb) towards the mid-line of the body
Extension = to increase the angle between bones (straighten a limb)
Flexion = to decrease the angle between bones (bend a limb)