1. Demonstrator of anatomy: Elham G. El-yamany
Muscle
Demonstrator of anatomy:
Elham G. El-yamany

2. (A) Skeletal Muscle  Produce the movements of skeleton.
 Voluntary muscles.
 Has 2 attachments at least; origin & insertion.
 Fleshy part of muscle called belly.
 The ends of ms. Are attached to : bone, cartilage or ligaments.

3.  The attachment of ms. to bone may take one of following shapes :
1.Tendon; a cord of fibrous T.
2.Aponeurosis;Strong sheet of fibrous T.

4. 3. Raphe; interdigitation of tendinous ends of fibers of flat muscles.

5. Internal structure of skeletal muscle
 Muscle is formed of muscle fibers.
 ms. fibers are adherent together by C.T. called endomysium.
 ms. fibers are arranged in bundles which are connected together by perimysium.
 all ms. bundles form the ms. which is enveloped from outside by a C.T. layer called epimysium.

6. Classification of skeletal muscles (according to direction of ms
Classification of skeletal muscles (according to direction of ms. fibers)
(A) Parallel : ms. fibers are parallel to the long axis of ms. as sternocleidomastoid,
rectus abdominis and sartorius.

7. (B) Pennate : ms. fibers run obliquely to the line of pull (resemble a feather).
1. Unipennate : tendon lies along one side of ms. & ms. fibers pass obliquely to it; as extensor digitorum longus.
2. Bipennate : tendon lies in center of ms. & ms. fibers pass to it from both sides as rectus femoris.
3. Multipennate : as a series of bipennate ms.
lying alongside one another or as a tendon lying in its center and ms. fibers passing to it from all sides; as tibialis anterior.

9. Nerve Supply of Skeletal Muscle
 nerve trunk to a ms. : is a mixed nerve containing: 1. motor fibers (60%).
2. sensory fibers (40%).
3. some sympathetic fibers.
 motor point : is point of entrance of nerve to muscle. This usually lies at the middle of its deep surface near the margin of the ms.
 naming of skeletal ms. : is according to : shape, size, heads, position, depth, attachments or actions.

10. (B) Smooth Muscle
● Long spindle-shaped cells, closely arranged in bundles.
● In G.I.T, it is responsible for peristalsis,
which is a wave of contraction that
runs along the digestive tube.
● This movement is responsible for :
1. propelling contents through lumen.
2. mixing ingested food with digestive
juices.

11. ● In storage organs, such as urinary bladder & uterus, its contraction is slow & helps in expulsion of the contents of the organ.
● In walls of blood vessels, smooth muscles modify caliber of the lumen.
● It is involuntary in action, and its stimulation to contract is either by autonomic nerves or by hormonal stimulation.

12. (C) Cardiac Muscle
● Striated muscle consisting of muscle fibers which branch & unite with each other.
● Forms myocardium of heart.
● Has property of spontaneous & rhythmic
contraction.
● Conducting system of heart is formed of specialized cardiac muscle fibers.
● Involuntary & supplied by autonomic nerve fibers.