1. Earth Portrait of a Planet Chapter 10 Earthquake

2. Fig
U.S. Geological Survey

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4. J. Dewey, U.S. Geological Survey
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J. Dewey, U.S. Geological Survey

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6. Fig n)
shear)
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7. Types of Faults
This animation shows the differences between the three types of faults and illustrates how they are formed. View 1 shows a normal fault, View 2 shows a reverse fault, and View 3 shows a strike-slip fault. [by Stephen Marshak]
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8. National Geophysical Data Center/NOAA W. W. Norton
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National Geophysical Data Center/NOAA W. W. Norton

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10. Photo courtesy of Paul “Kip” Otis-Diehl, USMC, 29 Palms, CA
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Photo courtesy of Paul “Kip” Otis-Diehl, USMC, 29 Palms, CA

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15. Original artwork by Gary Hincks
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Original artwork by Gary Hincks

16. Original artwork by Gary Hincks
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Original artwork by Gary Hincks

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22. Seismic Wave Motion
Seismologists distinguish between different types of seismic waves based on how they move, and whether they travel along the Earth's surface (surface waves) or pass through its interior (body waves). This animation shows two types of body wave motion: View 1 shows shear body waves (also called S-waves) and View 2 shows compressional body waves (P-waves). [by Stephen Marshak]
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25. How a Seismograph Works
Seismologists use two basic configurations of seismographs, one for measuring horizontal ground motion, like the one shown in this animation, and the other for measuring vertical ground motion. Both work on the principle of inertia as described by Newton's law, which states that an object at rest tends to remain at rest unless acted on by an outside force. Thus, during an earthquake, vibrations cause the frame of the seismograph to move. The pendulum apparatus remains fixed as the paper cylinder moves back and forth beneath it. [by Stephen Marshak]
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31. W. W. Norton. Adapted from Bolt, 1978.
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W. W. Norton. Adapted from Bolt, 1978.

32. W. W. Norton. Modified from Dolgoff, 1996.
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W. W. Norton. Modified from Dolgoff, 1996.

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36. W. W. Norton. Adapted from U.S. Geological Survey.
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W. W. Norton. Adapted from U.S. Geological Survey.

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42. M. Celebi, U.S. Geological Survey
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M. Celebi, U.S. Geological Survey

43. J. Dewey, U.S. Geological Survey
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J. Dewey, U.S. Geological Survey

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45. National Geophysical Data Center/NOAA
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National Geophysical Data Center/NOAA

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47. Fig b
U.S. Geological Survey

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49. Cecilio Licos, Yasuki Arakaki Collection/Pacific Tsunami Museum
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Cecilio Licos, Yasuki Arakaki Collection/Pacific Tsunami Museum

50. Pacific Tsunami Museum
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Pacific Tsunami Museum

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NOAA

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59. Adapted from Wesson and Wallace, 1985.
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Adapted from Wesson and Wallace, 1985.

60. Adapted from Wesson and Wallace, 1985.
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Adapted from Wesson and Wallace, 1985.

61. Adapted from Nishenko, 1989 (U.S. Geological Survey).
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Adapted from Nishenko, 1989 (U.S. Geological Survey).