1. Section 2 Physical Properties Section 3 Chemical Properties
Chapter 2
The Properties of Matter
Table of Contents
Section 1 What Is Matter?
Section 2 Physical Properties
Section 3 Chemical Properties
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2. Chapter 2
Section 1 What Is Matter?
Bellringer
What do you think some of the ingredients or components are for the following items: a loaf of bread, a textbook, and a bicycle.
Write your response in your science journal.
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3. Objectives Chapter 2 Describe the two properties of all matter.
Section 1 What Is Matter?
Objectives
Describe the two properties of all matter.
Identify the units used to measure volume and mass.
Compare mass and weight.
Explain the relationship between mass and inertia.
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4. What do you have in common with a…
Chapter 2
Section 1 What Is Matter?
What do you have in common with a…
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5. Chapter 2
Section 1 What Is Matter?
Matter
What Is Matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Matter in the Universe Everything in the universe that you can see is made up of some type of matter.
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6. Matter and Volume Chapter 2
Section 1 What Is Matter?
Matter and Volume
Liquid Volume Liters (L) and milliliters (mL) are the units used most often to express the volume of liquids.
Measuring the Volume
of Liquids The next
slide shows how to
measure the volume
of liquids.
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7. Measuring the Volume of Liquids
Chapter 2
Section 1 What Is Matter?
Measuring the Volume of Liquids
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key.
Visual Concept
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8. liters (L) milliliters (mL) Chapter 2
Section 1 What is Matter?
Chapter 2
Reading Check: What are two units used to measure volume?
liters (L)
milliliters (mL)

9. Volume = length  width  height
Chapter 2
Section 1 What Is Matter?
Matter and Volume, continued
Volume of a Regularly Shaped Solid Object To find the volume of a regularly shaped solid object use the following equation:
Volume = length  width  height
Volume of an Irregularly Shaped Solid Object You can find the volume of an irregularly shaped object by measuring the volume of water that the object displaces.
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10. √ You could measure the volume of an apple
Section 1 What is Matter?
Chapter 2
Reading Check: Explain how you would measure the volume of an apple.
√ You could measure
the volume of an apple
by submerging it in a container of water and measuring the volume of the water that the apple displaces.

11. Chapter 2 Section 1 What Is Matter?
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12. Matter and Mass Chapter 2
Section 1 What Is Matter?
Matter and Mass
The Difference Between Mass and Weight Weight is the measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object. The more mass an object has, the greater the gravitational force on the object and the greater the object’s weight.
Measuring Mass and Weight The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). Weight is a measure of gravitational force and is expressed in the SI unit of force, the newton (N).
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13. kilograms (kg) grams (g) Chapter 2
Section 1 What is Matter?
Chapter 2
Reading Check: What units are often used to measure mass?
kilograms (kg)
grams (g)

14. QUICK CHECK QUIZ Chapter 2
Section 1 What is Matter?
Chapter 2
QUICK CHECK QUIZ
(True or False)
1. The volume of a marble can be measured with a graduated cylinder.
TRUE
Volumes of solids can be expressed in liters or milliliters.
FALSE
Weight and mass are the same thing.

15. Chapter 2 Section 1 What Is Matter?
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16. Chapter 2
Section 1 What Is Matter?
Inertia
What Is Inertia? Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.
Mass: The Measure of Inertia An object that has a large mass is harder to move and harder to stop than an object that has less mass. The reason is that the object with the large mass has greater inertia.
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17. Chapter 2 Section Review
Section 1 What is Matter?
Chapter 2
Section Review
Two properties of matter are volume and mass.
Volume is the amount of space taken up by an object.
The SI unit of volume is the liter (L).
Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg).
Weight is a measure of the gravitational force on an object,
usually in relation to the Earth.
Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist being moved or,
if the object is moving, to resist a change in speed or direction.
The more massive an object is, the greater its inertia.

18. Chapter 2
Section 2 Physical Properties
Bellringer
If you were asked to describe an orange to someone who had never seen an orange, what would you tell the person?
Write your response in your science journal.
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19. Chapter 2
Section 2 Physical Properties
Objectives
Identify six examples of physical properties of matter.
Describe how density is used to identify substances.
List six examples of physical changes.
Explain what happens to matter during a physical change.
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20. Physical Properties Chapter 2
Section 2 Physical Properties
Physical Properties
What Are Physical Properties? A physical property of matter can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity.
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21. Chapter 2 Section 2 Physical Properties
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22. Physical Properties, continued
Chapter 2
Section 2 Physical Properties
Physical Properties, continued
Identifying Matter You use physical properties to identify matter.
Density Density is the amount of matter in a given space, or volume. The two balls below have different densities.
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23. Physical Properties, continued
Chapter 2
Section 2 Physical Properties
Physical Properties, continued
Liquid Layers The graduated cylinder below contains six liquids. Each liquid is a different density so the liquids form layers.
Density of Solids Knowing the density of a substance can also tell you what kind of substance it is.
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24. Physical Properties, continued
Chapter 2
Section 2 Physical Properties
Physical Properties, continued
Solving for Density To find an objects density (D), first measure its mass (m) and volume (V). Then use the following equation:
D = m/V
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25. QUICK CHECK QUIZ Chapter 1
Section 1 Exploring Physical Science
Chapter 1
QUICK CHECK QUIZ
A block of pine wood has a mass of 120 g and a
volume of 300 cm3. What is the density of the wood?
Will this block of pine float in a pool of water? Why or why not?
2. A sample of metal has a mass of 3,623 g and a volume of 508 cm3. What metal is it?

26. QUICK CHECK QUIZ Chapter 1
Section 1 Exploring Physical Science
Chapter 1
QUICK CHECK QUIZ
A block of pine wood has a mass of 120 g and a
volume of 300 cm3. What is the density of the wood?
0.4 g/cm3
Will this block of pine float in a pool of water? Why or why not?
Yes! It will float because it is less dense than water.
A sample of metal has a mass of 3,623 g and a volume of 508 cm3. What metal is it?
zinc

27. Physical Properties, continued
Chapter 2
Section 2 Physical Properties
Physical Properties, continued
Using Density to Identify Substances Look at the table below to compare densities of several common substances.
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28. Chapter 2 Section 2 Physical Properties
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29. Physical Changes Do Not Form New Substances
Chapter 2
Section 2 Physical Properties
Physical Changes Do Not Form New Substances
Examples of Physical Changes Some examples of physical changes are shown below.
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30. Physical Changes Do Not Form New Substances, continued
Chapter 2
Section 2 Physical Properties
Physical Changes Do Not Form New Substances, continued
Matter and Physical Changes Physical changes do not change the identity of the matter involved.
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31. Chapter 2 Section Review
Section 2 Physical Properties
Chapter 2
Section Review
Physical properties of matter can be observed without
changing the identity of the matter.
Examples of physical properties are conductivity, state,
malleability, ductility, solubility, and density.
Density is the amount of matter in a given space.
Density is used to identify substances because the density of a
substance is always the same at a given pressure and
temperature.
When a substance undergoes a physical change, its identity
stays the same.
Examples of physical changes are freezing, cutting, bending,
dissolving, and melting.

32. Chapter 2
Section 3 Chemical Properties
Bellringer
Look at the picture of the car on the next slide. Describe where you have seen other examples of rusting.
Write your response in your science journal.
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33. Chapter 2 Section 3 Chemical Properties
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34. Objectives Chapter 2 Describe two examples of chemical properties.
Section 3 Chemical Properties
Objectives
Describe two examples of chemical properties.
Explain what happens during a chemical change.
Distinguish between physical and chemical changes.
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35. Chapter 2 Section 3 Chemical Properties
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36. Section 3 Chemical Properties
Chapter 2
Reading Check: What does the term reactivity mean?
Reactivity describes the ability of two or more substances to combine and form one or more new substances.

37. Chemical Properties Chapter 2
Section 3 Chemical Properties
Chemical Properties
Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties You can observe physical properties without changing the identity of the substance. Chemicals properties are more difficult to observe.
Characteristic Properties The
properties that are most useful
in identifying a substance are
characteristic properties.
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38. Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties
Chapter 2
Section 3 Chemical Properties
Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key.
Visual Concept
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39. Chemical Changes and New Substances
Chapter 2
Section 3 Chemical Properties
Chemical Changes and New Substances
What Happens During a Chemical Change? During a chemical change a substance changes chemical properties.
Signs of Chemical Changes Some common signs of chemical changes includes a change in color, odor, production of heat, fizzing, and so on.
Matter and Chemical Changes Chemical changes change the identity of the matter involved.
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40. Chapter 2 Section 3 Chemical Properties
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41. Physical Versus Chemical Changes
Chapter 2
Section 3 Chemical Properties
Physical Versus Chemical Changes
A Change in Composition Physical changes do not change the composition of a substance while chemical changes do.
Reversing Changes Many physical changes are easily reversed, but most chemical changes cannot easily be reversed.
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42. Comparing Physical and Chemical Changes
Chapter 2
Section 3 Chemical Properties
Comparing Physical and Chemical Changes
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key.
Visual Concept
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43. Chapter 2 Section Review
Section 3 Chemical Properties
Chapter 2
Section Review
Chemical properties describe a substance based on
its ability to change into a new substance that has
different properties.
Chemical properties can be observed only when a
chemical change is happening.
Examples of chemical properties are flammability
and reactivity.
New substances form as a result of a chemical
change.
Unlike a chemical change, a physical change does
not alter the identity of a substance.

44. Chapter 2
The Properties of Matter
Concept Map
Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide.
matter
mass
motion
volume
milliliters
cubic centimeters
weight
gravity
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45. Chapter 2 The Properties of Matter
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46. Chapter 2 The Properties of Matter
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47. End of Chapter 2 Show Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold
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48. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
Reading
Read each of the passages. Then, answer the questions that follow each passage.

49. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
Passage 1 Astronomers were studying the motions of galaxies in space when they noticed something odd. They thought that the large gravitational force, which causes the galaxies to rotate rapidly, was due to a large amount of mass in the galaxies. Then, they discovered that the mass of the galaxies was not great
enough to explain this large gravitational force. So, what was causing the additional gravitational force? One theory is that the universe contains matter that we cannot see with our eyes or our telescopes. Astronomers call this invisible matter dark matter.

50. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
1. According to this passage, what did astronomers originally think caused the rotation of the galaxies?
A a lack of inertia
B a large gravitational force
C a small amount of mass in the galaxies
D a small gravitational force

51. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
1. According to this passage, what did astronomers originally think caused the rotation of the galaxies?
A a lack of inertia
B a large gravitational force
C a small amount of mass in the galaxies
D a small gravitational force

52. Chapter 2 2. Why do you think astronomers use the term dark matter?
Standardized Test Preparation
2. Why do you think astronomers use the term dark matter?
F Dark matter refers to dark objects.
G Dark matter refers to matter that we can’t see.
H You need a telescope to see dark matter.
I All large objects are dark.

53. Chapter 2 2. Why do you think astronomers use the term dark matter?
Standardized Test Preparation
2. Why do you think astronomers use the term dark matter?
F Dark matter refers to dark objects.
G Dark matter refers to matter that we can’t see.
H You need a telescope to see dark matter.
I All large objects are dark.

54. Chapter 2 3. Which statement is the best summary of the passage?
Standardized Test Preparation
3. Which statement is the best summary of the passage?
A The enormous amount of mass in the galaxies explains why the galaxies rotate.
B Dark matter may be responsible for the gravitational force that causes the rotation of galaxies.
C Invisible matter is called dark matter.
D Galaxies rotate as they move through the universe.

55. Chapter 2 3. Which statement is the best summary of the passage?
Standardized Test Preparation
3. Which statement is the best summary of the passage?
A The enormous amount of mass in the galaxies explains why the galaxies rotate.
B Dark matter may be responsible for the gravitational force that causes the rotation of galaxies.
C Invisible matter is called dark matter.
D Galaxies rotate as they move through the universe.

56. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
Passage 2 Blimps and dirigibles are types of airships. An airship consists of an engine, a large balloon that contains gas, and a gondola that carries passengers and crew. Airships float in air because the gases that the airships contain are less dense than air. In the early 1900s, airships were commonly used for travel, including transatlantic flights. Airships were less frequently used after the 1937 explosion and crash of the Hindenburg in New Jersey. The Hindenburg was filled with flammable hydrogen gas instead of helium gas, which is nonflammable.

57. Chapter 2 1. In this passage, what does flammable mean? A able to burn
Standardized Test Preparation
1. In this passage, what does flammable mean?
A able to burn
B able to float
C able to sink
D not able to burn

58. Chapter 2 1. In this passage, what does flammable mean? A able to burn
Standardized Test Preparation
1. In this passage, what does flammable mean?
A able to burn
B able to float
C able to sink
D not able to burn

59. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
F Hydrogen gas is nonflammable.
G Airships float because they contain gases that are less dense than air.
H Helium gas was used in the Hindenburg.
I The gondola contains gas.

60. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
F Hydrogen gas is nonflammable.
G Airships float because they contain gases that are less dense than air.
H Helium gas was used in the Hindenburg.
I The gondola contains gas.

61. Chapter 2 3. Which of the following statements about airships is true?
Standardized Test Preparation
3. Which of the following statements about airships is true?
A Airships are still a major mode of transportation.
B Airships now contain nonflammable, hydrogen gas.
C Airships consist of an engine, a gondola, and a large balloon.
D Airships traveled only in the United States.

62. Chapter 2 3. Which of the following statements about airships is true?
Standardized Test Preparation
3. Which of the following statements about airships is true?
A Airships are still a major mode of transportation.
B Airships now contain nonflammable, hydrogen gas.
C Airships consist of an engine, a gondola, and a large balloon.
D Airships traveled only in the United States.

63. Interpreting Graphics
Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
Interpreting Graphics
The table below shows the properties of different substances. Use the table below to answer the questions that follow.

64. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
1. What could you use to tell pyrite (fool’s gold) and gold apart?
A volume
B density
C mass
D state

65. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
1. What could you use to tell pyrite (fool’s gold) and gold apart?
A volume
B density
C mass
D state

66. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
2. What do you think would happen if you placed a nugget of pyrite into a beaker of mercury?
F The pyrite would sink.
G The pyrite would dissolve.
H The mercury and the pyrite would react.
I The pyrite would float.

67. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
2. What do you think would happen if you placed a nugget of pyrite into a beaker of mercury?
F The pyrite would sink.
G The pyrite would dissolve.
H The mercury and the pyrite would react.
I The pyrite would float.

68. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
3. If a nugget of pyrite and a nugget of gold each have a mass of 50 g, what can you conclude about the volume of each nugget?
A The volume of pyrite is greater than the volume of gold.
B The volume of pyrite is less than the volume of gold.
C The volumes of the substances are equal.
D There is not enough information to determine the answer.

69. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
3. If a nugget of pyrite and a nugget of gold each have a mass of 50 g, what can you conclude about the volume of each nugget?
A The volume of pyrite is greater than the volume of gold.
B The volume of pyrite is less than the volume of gold.
C The volumes of the substances are equal.
D There is not enough information to determine the answer.

70. Chapter 2 4. Which substance has the lowest density? F helium G pyrite
Standardized Test Preparation
4. Which substance has the lowest density?
F helium
G pyrite
H mercury
I gold

71. Chapter 2 4. Which substance has the lowest density? F helium G pyrite
Standardized Test Preparation
4. Which substance has the lowest density?
F helium
G pyrite
H mercury
I gold

72. Chapter 2 Math Read each question, and choose the best answer.
Standardized Test Preparation
Math
Read each question, and choose the best answer.

73. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
1. Imagine that you have discovered a new element, and you want to find its density. It has a mass of 78.8 g and a volume of 8 cm3. To find the density of the element, you must divide the element’s mass by its volume. What is the density of the element?
A g/cm3
B 0.98 g/cm3
C 9.85 g/cm3
D g/cm3

74. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
1. Imagine that you have discovered a new element, and you want to find its density. It has a mass of 78.8 g and a volume of 8 cm3. To find the density of the element, you must divide the element’s mass by its volume. What is the density of the element?
A g/cm3
B 0.98 g/cm3
C 9.85 g/cm3
D g/cm3

75. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
2. Many soft drinks come in bottles that contain about 590 mL. If the density of a soft drink is 1.05 g/mL, what is the mass of the drink?
F g
G g
H g
I g

76. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
2. Many soft drinks come in bottles that contain about 590 mL. If the density of a soft drink is 1.05 g/mL, what is the mass of the drink?
F g
G g
H g
I g

77. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
3. If you have 150 g of pure gold and the density of gold is g/cm3 , what is the volume of your gold nugget?
A cm3
B 7.76 cm3
C 0.98 cm3
D 0.13 cm3

78. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
3. If you have 150 g of pure gold and the density of gold is g/cm3 , what is the volume of your gold nugget?
A cm3
B 7.76 cm3
C 0.98 cm3
D 0.13 cm3

79. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
4. Three objects have a mass of 16 g each. But their volumes differ. Object A, a liquid, has a volume of 1.2 mL. Object B, a solid, has a volume of 3.2 cm3. Object C, another solid, has a volume of 1.9 cm3. Which object is the least dense?
F object A
G object B
H object C
I There is not enough information to determine the answer.

80. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
4. Three objects have a mass of 16 g each. But their volumes differ. Object A, a liquid, has a volume of 1.2 mL. Object B, a solid, has a volume of 3.2 cm3. Object C, another solid, has a volume of 1.9 cm3. Which object is the least dense?
F object A
G object B
H object C
I There is not enough information to determine the answer.

81. Chapter 2 Section 2 Physical Properties
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82. Chapter 2 Section 2 Physical Properties
Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold
Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights
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Copyright – white 12 points Arial
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Height: 7.52"
Width: 10.02"
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Horizontal - 0"
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83. Chapter 2 Section 2 Physical Properties
Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold
Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights
Bullets – dark yellow
Copyright – white 12 points Arial
Size:
Height: 7.52"
Width: 10.02"
Scale: 70%
Position on slide:
Horizontal - 0"
Vertical - 0"

84. Chapter 2 Section 2 Physical Properties
Header – dark yellow 24 points Arial Bold
Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights
Bullets – dark yellow
Copyright – white 12 points Arial
Size:
Height: 7.52"
Width: 10.02"
Scale: 70%
Position on slide:
Horizontal - 0"
Vertical - 0"