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INSECT FLIGHT.

Published byMadlyn Craig Modified over 6 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "INSECT FLIGHT."— Presentation transcript:

1 INSECT FLIGHT

2 Insect Thorax Prothorax Mesothorax Metathorax Pterothorax

3 Insect Thorax scutellum scutum tergum epimeron trochantin episternum sternellum basisternum

4 FLIGHT IN THE PALEOPTERA
Wing cycle

5 DIRECT FLIGHT MUSCLES • •

6 DIRECT FLIGHT MUSCLES Contracting muscle

7 DIRECT FLIGHT MUSCLES Contracting muscle

8 Internal support in thorax
pleural ridge pleural apophysis sternopleural muscle sternal apophysis furca Furca Pleural/sternal apophysis Apodemes

9 Indirect Flight Muscles
Longitudinal muscles Dorsoventral muscles

10 longitudinal muscle Meso or Metathorax

11 Indirect Flight Muscles
Longitudinal muscles Dorsoventral muscles

12 Indirect Flight Muscles
Longitudinal muscles Dorsoventral muscles contract

13 Indirect Flight Muscles
Longitudinal muscles contract Dorsoventral muscles

14 Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism
wing base scutellar lever pleural process Lateral view of a pterothoracic segment in Sarcophaga

15 Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism

16 Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism
notum wing second axillary sclerite first axillary sclerite hinge paranotal shelf pleural apophysis pleural process sternopleural muscle

17 Z X Y Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism Note:
Points Y AND Z are hinges Z X Y

18 Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism
Step 1: Wing is in stable ‘up’ position Z X X Z Y Y

19 Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism
Step 2: Wing moves to an unstable horizontal position X Z Y

20 Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism
Step 3: Wing moves to stable ‘down’ position Y Z X

21

22 Indirect Flight - Click Mechanism
What causes the wing to return to ‘up’ position? Joints contain resilin

23 RESILIN Leg joint of a flea Tarsal joint of a housefly

24 RESILIN

25 Resiliency in Resilin 100 50 % energy return
Viscid silk - capture threads Collagen – tendons, ligaments, skin Resilin – wing hinges of insects Elastin - main elastic protein in vertebrates Space ball - toy 100 50 % energy return

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