1. Topic 6
Pest and Pest Control

2. Pests
From the point of view from a farmer or forester, a pest is any organism that is causing plants to die or produce less.
Fungi
Weeds
Insects
Birds

3. Pests
In natural ecosystems organisms have parasites, predators, or competing plants to keep their numbers normal.
The pests that cause the most damage are insects, fungi and weedy plants.
Thieves that steal water, nutrients & lights, from other plants.
Bacteria and fungi cause infections destroying all or part of the plant.

4. Plant Fungus

6. Bioaccumulation
Occurs when pollution washes into water (or other places)
Pollution gets absorbed into small animals like Plankton.
Small animals like fry (baby fish) eat the plankton, and absorb the pollution into their bodies.
Large fish eat many small fish and absorb all their pollution into their bodies.

8. Soil Residue
Some of the chemicals wash of plants and leave residues in the soil.
Some pesticides can leave residue in the soil for decades, for example, DDT.
Toxic residues have turned up in arctic ice.

9. Resistant Species Resistant Species
As pesticides are being over used, some species of pests have evolved or adapted to become resistant to them.
These young survive passing on their genes to the next generation making the specie completely resistant to the pesticide.
Only way to control them is to up the dosage or find a new way to kill them.
Chemical Warfare
Resistant Species

11. Organic
Grown without any human made chemicals fertilizers or pesticides.
Use manure and compost to fertilize the soils.
Use natural methods like: tilling, crop rotations, mulching, companion plating crops )crops with others that discourage insects) or hand pick pests.
In Fact: Organic

12. Reducing Chemicals Grow good quality seeds
Removing weeds before seeds mature by tillage or mowing.
Cutting weeds along property edges.
Cleaning equipment so it doesn’t transfer weeds to other crops.
Grow a variety of crops (biodiversity)

13. Biological Control Using one organism to eat or kill another.
Bacterium Bacillus thuringienis (Bt) produces a toxin that kills certain insects, but is harmless to humans.
Ladybugs to control aphids.
Invasive Plants
Biological Controls
Pine Beetles

14. Canola and it’s pests.
Canola is popular with fungi, insects and weeds.
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