1. The 14th International Seminar on Climate System and Climate Change (ISCS), experiences and achievements Group F

2. Group members
Wei Lin: LZU Lixia Zhang: IAP, CAS Xuewen Zhou:SYSU Rouke Li: NCC Yinmo Zhu: YNU Xiaodian Shen:SYSU Hao Fang:SYSU Yunhai xiong:PKU Kenny:NUIST Hengzhi Hu: SCC
The Institute of Atmospheric Physics， Chinese Academy of Sciences
Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology

3. Achievements(1)
Dr. T C Lee presented the recent progress on tropical cyclone (TC) activity changes in Western North Pacific. His two talks made a good review and summarized the present challenges in current TC studies. Climate models mostly predict a future decreases in global and the WNP TC frequency. There are several interesting aspects needs to be answered. Firstly, whether the poleward shift of WNP TC is related to the expansion of tropics under global warming? Secondly, due to the low resolution of current climate models, the TC modeling is difficult to simulate. How to separate the relative contributions of natural variability (such as PDO) forcing and anthropogenic forcing on WNP TC by using climate models? Thirdly, what’s the contribution of TC reduce under global warming on local social and economic development?
Firstly, whether the poleward shift of WNP TC is related to the expansion of tropics under global warming? Secondly, due to the low resolution of current climate models, the TC modeling is difficult to simulate. How to separate the relative contributions of natural variability (such as PDO) forcing and anthropogenic forcing on WNP TC by using climate models? Thirdly, what’s the contribution of TC reduce under global warming on local social and economic development?
Annual SST frequency distribution at the time and
location of TC genesis for observation (green
dashed), 4K-cooler climate (blue solid), present
climate (green solid), and 4K-warmer climate (red
solid)
Mean annual global TC numbers in 4Kcooler(warmer) and present climate experiments.

4. Achievements(2)
CO2 in the atmosphere has a greater impact on land surface temperature, where carbon emissions from human activities are unprecedented (up to 61%).
26% of carbon emissions are absorbed by surface vegetation.
Develop a terrestrial component model considering the factor of human activities (including GHG emissions、land use and anthropogenic air pollution) as well as the effect of human activities on plant. Moreover, it can provide a better support for the development of land surface process mode.

5. Achievements(3)
Professor Jeremy Warton’s report is mainly about the relevant knowledge of the climate model. Which mainly describes the idea of building a coupling model, in particular, introduced , the ice sheet and atmospheric chemical process in the embodiment of the model. The requirements of the model assessment in CMIP6 are also presented.
Through Professor Wharton's explanation, and combined with the basics of the relevant climate model, I have a clearer understanding of the physical framework of the model and how to consider a model for analysis and application. In later learning applications, it is possible to know more about how to use a pattern and explain the patterns that can be drawn.

6. Achievements(4)
Polar ice cores are a unique climate archive providing information
about the physical, chemical and biological changes in the Earth
System.
• Gas records from polar ice cores permit the reconstruction of the
three major greenhouse gases over the past 800,000 years.
• The sequence of abrupt warmings during the last ice age indicate
the operation of the bipolar seesaw caused by switches in the
ocean circulation
• The search and recovery of a 1.5 Million-year old ice core from
Antarctica represents the newest frontier in polar research.

7. Achievements(5)
Because of the significant exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean, the impact of the oceans is also an integral part of climate change. Both the atmospheric wind and ocean currents influence each other, and the exchange of water, heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes between the ocean and the atmosphere is a very important part, showing a very pronounced latitudinal differentiation. At the equator, the ocean as a good absorption buffer, receiving from atmospheric heat, moisture and CO2, while in the middle and high latitudes, and the ocean returned to the atmosphere through the air sea exchange, plays a role in regulating global climate.

8. Achievements(5)
With the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration, CO2 concentration gradually enhance the ocean, ocean acidification, the aragonite, coral reefs and other CaCO3 components to reduce the overall marine environment began to deteriorate,; but if the temperature of the background, respiration enhanced, decomposition of organic matter in the ocean increases, causing the amount of dissolved O2 decreased, the formation of many regional hypoxia in the ocean

9. Suggestions(1) 1. Need the deeper theories about specific questions
2. Need some the actual operation of teaching
1、Although the seminar presented abundant hot topics all about the global climate change problem, but the deeper theories about specific questions such as why typhoon is expected reduce and why dry get drier, wet get wetter and so on are not mentioned, without any analysis in depth. It is helpful for us to get further study if we can be introduced some frontier issues.
2、The seminar introduced the relevant theory and research results, but did not explain the actual operation of teaching, resulting in some of students still can not apply theory to practice. So it is recommended that an exercise course should be set for the practice of the model. 

10. Suggestions(2)
3. There is only PPT on the internet of BCC, putting the relevant literature will be better for students to download and preview, so as to deepen understanding.

11. Thank you for your attention!