1. The Post-War World Order
The End of Colonialism?
The Bretton Woods “System”
The United Nations, World Economic Reports
Truman & Point Four

2. “the economic development of the under-developed countries remains the most important single long-run economic problem confronting the world”
United Nations World Report,
“Despite the Soviet threat, many nations and societies outside the Soviet bloc…are so unsure of their national interests…that they are presently unwilling to align themselves with the United States and its allies. Although largely underdeveloped, their vast manpower, their essential raw materials and their potential for growth are such that their absorption within the Soviet system would greatly, perhaps decisively, alter the world balance of power to our detriment. Conversely, their orderly development into more stable and responsible nations, able and willing to participate in defense of the free world, can increasingly add to its strength.”
National Security Council, 1953

3. The Cold War Defining the problem: “Under-development”
The Solution(s):
Economic Development
Walt W. Rostow, The Stages
of Economic Growth: A Non-
Communist Manifesto
--The linear development of human societies

4. The “Third” World & Modernization
The birth of “modernization theory”
Communism as the “disease of the transition”
Nation Building?
The foreign policy of anti-communism

5. U.S. Foreign Aid,
, nearly three fourths of all American economic aid went to European countries.
During the years three-quarters flowed to developing countries.
By 1962, 90 percent of all U.S. aid went into underdeveloped countries.

6. The Third World, Nationalism & American Intervention
The Rise of Nationalism & Neutralism:
The Bandung Conference: The Non-Aligned Movement
Indonesia’s Sukarno
Africa:
The Congo & Patrice Lumumba
The Middle East:
Egypt, Iran, Iraq
Eisenhower Doctrine

7. The (Inherent) Limits of American Intervention
Latin America:
Guatemala
Cuba
Asia:
Indonesia
Vietnam
Vietnamese Declaration of Independence