1. 7
The Skeleton: Part C

2. *STUDENTS WILL DO THE FOLLOWING SLIDES ON THEIR OWN DURING SPRING BREAK
Both Classes: 17, 24, 27, 28, 29, 33, and 34
**ALSO DURING SPRING BREAK: STUDENTS WILL STUDY & KNOW ALL BONES AND PARTS STUDIED SO FAR ON ALL LAB DIAGRAMS AS OF Fri., 04-07
Quiz On All Bones Done So Far On Mon. (MW Class) And Wed. (WF Class) after break
* After Break In Lecture, We Will Finish Ch 6 & 7 and Do the First ½ of Ch. 8.

3. III The Pelvic (Hip) Girdle
Lateral View
A. Os Coxae (Os coxa)
Each = 3 fused bones: ilium, ischium, pubis
Functions:
Attaches
Supports
Vs. Pectoral:
Bony Pelvis: deep basin-like
structure formed by:
Articulations
Hip Joint; mobility & strength?
Sacroilliac Joint
Pubic Symphysis
Posterior
Animation: Rotatable
pelvis
PLAY
Anterior

4. Three regions Animation: Rotatable pelvis Base of sacrum Iliac crest
Sacroiliac
joint
Iliac fossa
Anterior
superior
iliac spine
Sacral
promontory
Coxal
bone
(os coxae
or hip
bone)
Anterior inferior
iliac spine
llium
Sacrum
Pubic
bone
Pelvic brim
Coccyx
Acetabulum
Pubic tubercle
Ischium
Pubic crest
Pubic symphysis
Pubic arch
PLAY
Animation: Rotatable pelvis
Figure 7.29

5. = Superior part: Body & Ala (wings) Iliac Crest: Iliac Spines
A. Pelvic Girdle … 1. ILIUM
= Superior part: Body & Ala (wings)
Iliac Crest:
Iliac Spines
Anterior & Posterior Superior Iliac Spines
Anterior & Posterior Inferior Iliac Spines
= Function:
Anterior & Posterior Sacroiliac Ligaments:
Lateral View
Posterior

6. Greater Sciatic Notch:
Lateral View
Ilium …
Greater Sciatic Notch:
Auricular surface
articulates w/:
Forms sacroiliac joint
Arcuate Line:
Posterior
Posterior
Medial View

7. 2. Ischium Posterior-inferior Main Regions: Body & Inferior Ramus
Pelvic Girdle …
2. Ischium
Posterior-inferior
Main Regions: Body & Inferior Ramus
Ischial Spine:
Lesser Sciatic Notch
Ischial Tuberosity: inferior
when sitting:
Lateral View
Posterior
Ischial Tuberosity MECHANICAL STRESS/GRAVITY
HAMSTRING MUSCLES
Body
Inferior Ramus

8. 3. Pubis Anterior Pubic Crest: Superior Ramus Pubic Symphysis joint
Pelvic Girdle …
3. Pubis
Anterior
Pubic Crest:
Superior Ramus
Pubic Symphysis joint
Made of:
Inferior Ramus
Pubic Arch & Subpubic Angle
PUBIS Body & Two Rami
PUBIC ARCH: IN Female

9. Acetabular Fossa: indentation Acetabular Notch: continuous w/ fossa
Pelvic Girdle …
4. MISCELLANEOUS PARTS
Acetabulum =
Acetabular Fossa: indentation
Acetabular Notch: continuous w/ fossa
Obturator Foramen– passage of blood vessels and nerves
Ischiopubic Ramus
ACETABULAR FOSSA: Fat ACETABULAR NOTCH: passage of vessels
and nerves
OBTURATOR FORAMEN: enclosed by Fibrous Connective T.
WHY?

10. Os Coxae Anterior gluteal line Ilium Ala Posterior gluteal line
Iliac crest
Posterior
superior
iIiac spine
Anterior
superior
iliac spine
Posterior inferior
iliac spine
Inferior
gluteal line
Greater sciatic
notch
Anterior inferior
iliac spine
Ischial body
Acetabulum
Ischial spine
Lesser sciatic
notch
Pubic body
Pubis
Ischium
Inferior ramus
of pubis
Ischial
tuberosity
Obturator foramen
Ischial ramus
(a) Lateral view, right hip bone
Figure 7.30a

11. (b) Medial view, right hip bone
Ilium
Iliac fossa
Iliac crest
Posterior
superior
iliac spine
Anterior
superior
iliac spine
Posterior
inferior
iliac spine
Anterior inferior
iliac spine
Auricular
surface
Body of
the ilium
Arcuate line
Greater sciatic notch
Superior ramus
of pubis
Ischial spine
Lesser sciatic notch
Pubic tubercle
Obturator
foramen
Articular surface
of pubis (at pubic
symphysis)
Ischium
Inferior ramus
of pubis
Ischial ramus
(b) Medial view, right hip bone
Figure 7.30b

12. B. Pelvis Structure & Childbearing
True or Lesser Pelvis:
contains birth canal
Pelvic Brim, Pelvic Inlet: Oval ridge from Pubic Crest  Arcuate Line  Sacral Promontory;
M/F differences in dimensions:

13. Pelvis Structure & Childbearing …
Pelvic Outlet: inferior margin
Bounded by Pubic Arch, Ishia, Saccrum, Coccyx
Dimensions
M vs. F
False Pelvis: Portion above Pelvic Brim
Bounded by Alae & lower Lumber Vertebrae
Function
Other M vs. F Differences
Saccrum
Coccyx

14. Table 7.4

15. Table 7.4

16. Table 7.4

17. IV. The Lower Limb 29 bones Introduction Thigh: femur
Leg: tibia and fibula
Foot

18. B. Thigh FEMUR: Largest/strongest bone medially to knee
Lower Limb …
B. Thigh
FEMUR:
Largest/strongest bone
medially to knee
Male vs. Female
Articulations
Hip:
Knee:
Tibia
Patella
Anterior View
Posterior View

19. Fovea Capitus– indentation
Femur …
Parts
Head:
Fovea Capitus– indentation
Function: ligament
Neck– narrowed, adjacent to head
weak
Fracture

20. Greater Trochanter– large, blunt process
Femur …
Greater Trochanter– large, blunt process
lateral
muscles
Lesser Trochanter –small “ “
Intertrochanteric Crest
posteriorly
Intertrochanteric Line
anteriorly

21. Linea Aspera– low, vertical ridge
Femur …
Gluteal Tuberosity–
Posterior
Muscles
Blends into
Linea Aspera– low, vertical ridge
muscle
Medial and Lateral Condyles: distal
articulate with M. and L. Condyles of ______
Lateral Epicondyle– superior to
Muscle
Medial Epicondyle “ “ “

22. Neck Fovea capitis Greater trochanter Head Inter- trochanteric crest
Lesser trochanter
Intertrochanteric
line
Gluteal tuberosity
Apex
Linea aspera
Anterior
Facet for lateral
condyle of femur
Facet for
medial
condyle
of femur
Lateral
condyle
Medial and
lateral supra-
condylar lines
Lateral
epicondyle
Surface for
patellar
ligament
Intercondylar fossa
Posterior
Medial condyle
(a) Patella (kneecap)
Adductor
tubercle
Lateral epicondyle
Medial
epicondyle
Patellar surface
Anterior view
Posterior view
(b) Femur (thigh bone)
Figure 7.31

23. Adductor Tubercle– on superior part of
Anterior View
Adductor Tubercle– on superior part of
Medial Epicondyle; Muscle attachment
Patellar Surface– articulates patella
Popliteal Space– behind knee
Intercondylar Notch (Fossa)– between condyles
Posterior View

24. C. PATELLA
Sesamoid Bone in Patellar Tendon
Patellar Ligament

25. Intercondylar eminence Head Medial condyle Proximal tibiofibular joint
Lateral condyle
Intercondylar eminence
Head
Medial condyle
Proximal tibiofibular
joint
Tibial tuberosity
Interosseous membrane
Anterior border
Fibula
Tibia
Distal tibiofibular
joint
Articular surface
Lateral malleolus
Medial malleolus
(a) Anterior view
Figure 7.32a

26. Articular surface Articular surface of of medial condyle
lateral condyle
Medial condyle
Head of fibula
Interosseous
membrane
Tibia
Fibula
Articular surface
Medial malleolus
Lateral malleolus
(b) Posterior view
Figure 7.32b

27. D. Tibia Medial Receives body weight Medial Condyle: articulates w/
Bones of the Leg …
D. Tibia
Medial
Receives body weight
Medial Condyle: articulates w/
Lateral Condyle: articulates w/
Intercondylar Eminence
Posterior View

28. Tibial Tuberosity– attachment of Anterior Crest (Border) =
Medial Malleolus
Inferior End– Articulates
w/ foot at Talus
Anterior View

29. E. Fibula Stabilizes ankle joint interosseous membrane
Articulates with tibia via proximal & distal tibiofibular joints
Head
Lateral Malleolus
Inferior End– articulates with Talus

30. Intercondylar eminence Head Medial condyle Proximal tibiofibular joint
Lateral condyle
Intercondylar eminence
Head
Medial condyle
Proximal tibiofibular
joint
Tibial tuberosity
Interosseous membrane
Anterior border
Fibula
Tibia
Distal tibiofibular
joint
Articular surface
Lateral malleolus
Medial malleolus
(a) Anterior view
Figure 7.32a

31. Articular surface Articular surface of of medial condyle
lateral condyle
Medial condyle
Head of fibula
Interosseous
membrane
Tibia
Fibula
Articular surface
Medial malleolus
Lateral malleolus
(b) Posterior view
Figure 7.32b

32. Phalanges Distal Middle Proximal Metatarsals Medial cuneiform1 2 3 4 5
Metatarsals
Medial
cuneiform
Intermediate
cuneiform
Lateral
cuneiform
Navicular
Cuboid
Tarsals
Talus
Trochlea
of talus
Calcaneus
(a) Superior view
Figure 7.33a

33. F. Foot: 1. Tarsals Talus transfers weight to heel Calcaneus– heel
Other tarsal bones: cuboid, navicular, and the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms
PROXIMAL ROW: Navicular– Talus– Calcaneus
N T C
DISTAL ROW: Medial C.– Intermediate C.– Lateral C.—Cuboid
M I L C
Not The Coke, Mostly I Like Cubes

34. Foot … 2. Metatarsals: 5 3. Phalanges #1 to #5
metatarsal 1: “ball of the foot”
3. Phalanges
14 bones
Each digit has 3
Rows: Proximal, Middle, and Distal
Hallux; no middle phalanx

35. Phalanges Distal Middle Proximal Metatarsals Medial cuneiform1 2 3 4 5
Metatarsals
Medial
cuneiform
Intermediate
cuneiform
Lateral
cuneiform
Navicular
Cuboid
Tarsals
Talus
Trochlea
of talus
Calcaneus
(a) Superior view
Figure 7.33a

36. Animation: Rotatable bones of the foot
Talus
Facet for
medial
malleolus
Navicular
Intermediate
cuneiform
Sustentac-
ulum tali
(talar shelf)
First metatarsal
Calcaneus
Medial
cuneiform
Calcaneal
tuberosity
(b) Medial view
PLAY
Animation: Rotatable bones of the foot
Figure 7.33b

37. END

38. (c) Proximal portion of ulna, lateral view
Olecranon process
View
Trochlear notch
Coronoid process
Radial notch
(c) Proximal portion of ulna,
lateral view
Ulnar notch of radius
Articulation
for lunate
Articulation
for scaphoid
Styloid
process
Head
of ulna
Styloid
process
View
(d) Distal ends of the radius and
ulna at the wrist
Figure 7.27c-d

39. BONE MARKINGS