1. Origins of Islam
Chapter 10 Section 1

2. Where it all began-Geography
The Arabian Peninsula
Modern Day Countries:
Saudi Arabia
Bahrain
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
UAE
Yemen

3. Where it all began -Geography
Physical Features
Desert
Some parts reach 100 Degrees everyday in the summer
Sand dunes stretch hundreds of miles
Water exists in oases
Wet fertile area in a desert

4. How People Lived Nomads Lived in tents
Raised herds of goats, sheep, and camels
Traveled around in search of food and water
Tribes offered safety

5. How People Lived Towns People who settled in oases Farmed
Became centers of trade
Merchants

6. Beginnings of Islam (Vocab)
Islam - Submit to God
Muslims - People who practice Islam
Qur’an - the holy book of Islam
Mosque - Building for Muslim Prayer

7. Beginnings of Islam Muhammad - Founder of Islam
He was born around 570 in Mecca
He managed a caravan business for a wealthy woman, Khadijah
Married Khadijah at age 25
In Mecca the tradition was for the wealthy to give to the poor, but this was not happening often

8. Beginnings of Islam
Around age 40 Muhammad was praying and meditating when an angel spoke to him and said,
“Recite in the name of your Lord who created, created man from clots of blood! Recite! Your Lord is the Most Bountiful One, who by the pen taught man what he did not know.”
Muslims believe God made Muhammad a prophet

9. Beginnings of Islam
Muhammad continued to receive messages from God for the rest of his life and these were recorded in the Qur’an

10. Spread of Islam
Muhammad was forced out of Mecca and fled to Medina (the Hegira) in 622
This year is the 1st year of the Islamic calendar
He became a spiritual and political leader in Medina
Died in 632, but Islam continued to spread

11. Islamic Beliefs
There is only one God, Allah, which means “the God” in Arabic
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all believe in the same God, just what they believe about God is different
All people who believe in Allah are bound like a family and should take care of each other
Urged slaveholders to be kinder

12. Muslim Empires
Chapter 10
Section 2

13. Muhammad’s Death Muhammad died in 632 after a pilgrimage to Mecca
Disagreement between Muslim groups
Abu Bakr - Sunni
Ali - Shiite

14. Abu Bakr Abu Bakr is named Caliph
Successor to Muhammad
Muhammad’s closest companion and adviser
First convert to Islam
Muhammad married Aisha, his daughter
Led pilgrimage to Mecca in 631

15. Arab tribes united Many tribes were loyal to Muhammad, but not Islam
Many did not like mandatory zakat
Abu Bakr used military force to compel tribes to convert to Islam
United Arab tribes under one leader and stopped fighting between tribes

16. Victory
Under the first four Caliphs the united Arabs conquered large portions of the Byzantine Empire and the entire Persian Empire

17. Umayyad & Abbasid Caliphate
Chapter 10

18. Umayyad Dynasty Ali was assassinated in 661
Mu’awiya took control and started the Umayyad Dynasty
5th Caliph

19. Mu’awiya Emphasized a more secular government
Moved capital to Damascus
Modeled government after Byzantine
Named his son Yazid as his successor

20. Yazid Challenged and killed Hussein (Ali’s son) in Karbala
Ruled for a short period of time

21. Abd ‘al-Malik Ruled 20 years Unified the empire
Made Arabic the common language
Constructed mosques
Unified coinage
Dome of the Rock constructed during his reign

22. Umayyad Expansion
Abd ‘al-Malik’s heirs expanded the empire and ruled from the Iberian Peninsula to the Indus River

23. Abbasid Dynasty Defeated the Umayyad Dynasty in 750
Joined with other groups opposed to secular government to bring down the Umayyad
Moved the capital to Baghdad
Leaders were Arab, but influenced by Persians
Contact with Chinese

24. Abbasid Dynasty – The Golden Age
9th and 10th Century
Established Beyt al Hikma (House of Wisdom)
Al Khwarizmi developed the number system we use today
Father of algebra
Translated Greek, Persian, and Hindu texts and became a center of knowledge

25. Abbasid Dynasty – The Golden Age
Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
Canon of Medicine 1025
The first medical encyclopedia
A Thousand and One Nights 12th Century

26. Decline Mongol invasion in 1258
Burned Baghdad and destroyed the palaces and the centers of learning and research