1. Open Access infrastructure and Open Data
Gemma Hersh
Policy Director
Elsevier

2. Introduction: Elsevier, open access and the UK

3. Open Access is progressing well in the UK
18% of UK articles in 2014 were published via the gold route. This includes articles published in journals operating under the gold APC, gold no APC and hybrid models.
CAGR of UK gold OA articles between was 24%, relative to a global CAGR of 17% over the same period.
19% of articles in the UK are posted either as preprints, accepted author manuscripts or final published articles.
94% of institutions exceeded the 45% open access target set by RCUK for the first year of implementation.
75% of journals UK authors publish in offer an OA option.
Publishers have also reduced their embargo periods in support of UK government policy. 96% of journals have an embargo period of 24 months or less, and 64% of journals have an embargo period of 12 months or less.
Publisher representation in UUK OA Monitoring Group and PA engagement with JISC and others to discuss shared challenges.
Sources: UUK OA Monitoring Report, RCUK Independent Review

4. Elsevier and open access
Actively engage
Support both gold and green OA
Test and learn
Developing systems and technology to implement OA
Working with funders, institutions and authors
Offer choice
Respect the academic freedom of authors
Offer various ways for authors to comply with funder and institutional policies
Maintain focus on quality
450+
Open access journals
1600+
Hybrid journals
All journals
Offer green OA options
Gold open access
Green open access
Launching new open access journals and all established journal offer an OA option
Choice of either a commercial (CC BY) or non-commercial (CC-BY-NC-ND) user license.
Article publishing charges (APCs) range from $500- $5000 (US Dollars)
All journals offer authors an option to self archive
Share link service provides 50 days free access to recently published research
Pilot partner in the CHORUS initiative
Open archives in 103 journals, including all Cell Press titles after 12 months.

5. Mean APCs increases in line with FWCI for journals, 2014
Industry Figures
Source: UUK OA Monitoring Report

6. APC pricing CONFIDENTIAL Open access journals APC pricing
Average APC by journals is £748; for Elsevier it is slightly higher at £944
Elsevier’s prices range from £300- £3000 which increases the average APC.
Hybrid journal APC pricing
Average APC by journal is £1,602; for Elsevier it is slightly lower at £1,495.
Elsevier has broader distribution of prices which are tailored to specific communities.
The field weighted citation impact of Elsevier journals is over 1.55, which is the highest in the world of hybrid OA publishing.
The field weighted citation impact of Elsevier journals is around 1.08, against an average Gold OA baseline of 0.90

7. Elsevier maintains its quality across its broad hybrid/gold journal portfolio, while keeping APCs close to the market average
world baseline A B D C
Solid bubbles represent Hybrid journal portfolios
Pattern bubbles represent 100% Gold journal portfolios
Bubble size represent number of titles

8. Elsevier’s sharing guidelines
Researchers can share at each stage of the publication process:

9. OA infrastructure: Institutional Repository services
Cost effective
Maximizing research impact for articles
Delivering the best available
Displaying the article in context
Assuring the reliability and trustworthiness of content

10. API services: Metadata feed
Identify and retrieve metadata and abstracts from authors affiliated with your institution, which will soon include embargo dates via SD Search API
How the API services support this
Automated periodic searches and downloads of structured metadata (including abstracts & DOI’s) for articles your authors published with Elsevier.
Responses of the ScienceDirect search API include the embargo end date, the date by which an AM may be made publically available.
Benefits for the Institution
Accurate reporting: can reports on all articles published by affiliated authors & display article information & abstract.
Compliance: can ensure compliance with Elsevier policy for Green OA minimal hassle
We hope to soon make basic metadata available on acceptance, including article title, DOI. This is a massive systems change which we hope to be operational by 2017.

11. API Services: Sharing entitlements
Ensuring users access the best available version of the article via the ScienceDirect Article Entitlement API
Benefits for the Institution
Increase repository user satisfaction by ensuring users access the best available version (if possible the version of record).
Support libraries to maximize the value of journal subscriptions to their patrons.
Ensure readership statistics are captured and made available to authors*.
How the API services support this
Check if the user has access to the article on ScienceDirect based on their IP.
Use the outcome to determine which links to show to the user: to the ScienceDirect article, and/or to a locally hosted Accepted Manuscript (green OA version).
* Elsevier also participates in an industry initiative that is investigating an infrastructure for the exchange of usage data from sharing platforms to publishers that can be easily adopted by institutional repositories

12. API Services: Embed functionality
Embed PDF’s of final articles on your repository via ScienceDirect Article Retrieval API (optional)
Benefits for the Institution
Keep users on your repository website and increase the amount of content they will discover on your repository.
Immediately show the best available version; the final Published Journal Article to all entitled users, and the first page preview for everyone, even when there is no version available in the IR itself. This includes articles in press - where available.
How the API services support this
Provide links to our Article Retrieval API, that will render the final Published Journal Article as if it was available on your repository.
Any user that is entitled based on IP address (not only those affiliated with the IR’s University) can view the final Published Journal Article on your repository. Non-entitled users will see a first page preview.

13. Publishers and open data

14. Research Data Policy Elsevier will:
Encourage and support researchers and research institutions to share data where appropriate and at the earliest opportunity. 
Provide guidance to authors regarding the deposit and sharing of data. 
Encourage and enable two-way linking of relevant datasets and publications using permanent standard identifiers.
Encourage and support proper data citation practices so that researchers can be cited and credited for their work.
Work closely with the scientific community to establish data review practices to ensure that published research data is valid, properly documented and can be re-used.
Develop tools and services to support researchers to discover, use and reuse data to further their research.
Publishers as enablers
“Raw research data should be made freely available to all researchers wherever possible” – STM Brussels Declaration 2007

15. Open data refers to making research data freely available for others to reuse. It is a necessary (but not sufficient) requirement for highly effective data 

16. Open Data Pilot
This supplementary data set is publicly available as Open Data (CC BY) on ScienceDirect
Article:

17. See http://www.elsevier.com/databaselinking
Data-linking program
Elsevier has an extensive program with 60+ leading domain-specific data repositories to interlink articles and data
Makes it easier to find relevant data and place data into the right context
Linking through in-article accession numbers, data DOI’s, or data banners
Linking through in-article data accession numbers
Database banners shown next to the article on ScienceDirect
See

18. Research Data Working Groups and Industry Standards
Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles: best-practices to cite data in articles for better linking and credit
Research Data Alliance & ICSU World Data System: Tackling a broad range of interconnected issues around Data Publication (workflows, bibliometrics, cost recovery, services)

19. Thank you!

20. APPENDIX
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21. Total article growth by journal business model
In 2014 there were 2.1 million subscription and 418,000 open access articles published worldwide.
Subscription content
Continues to grow year on year at 1-4%
83% share of total articles in 2014
Open access content
Growing at 12-24% per year
Fully-paid-for open access articles is 12% share of total content in 2014
All open access, including subsidized articles, is 17% share of total content.
Over 2 million articles are published each year and we see that the total amount of published content continues to grow year on year.
For gold open access we see this is increasing fast with double digit grow, although from a low base representing a combined article share of 9% in 2009.
This growth in open access is coming from both pure gold open access journals – seen in light blue -and hybrid journals- seen in the middle. We see OA publishing becoming more popular in hybrid journals
Subscription publishing also continues to grow at 1-4% and still represents the majority article share with approx..83% of all articles being publishing under this model.
So, including journals that subsidize the APC, for example when a research organization or society pay the APC on behalf of the author- then we can see that 17% of all articles published in 2014 were immediately accessible to everyone.
Of course this graph doesn’t show the articles which were made open access via the green route either through delayed access or self-archiving.
For Elsevier we published almost 400,000 articles which includes 6,000 open access articles in either fully open access journals or hybrid journals.
Elsevier perspective
In 2014, Elsevier published almost 400,000 articles
Includes 6,000 open access articles in gold only journals
Source: Elsevier internal Open Access market tracking