1. Powers Denied to the States
“The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government, are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the State governments are numerous and indefinite.”
~ James Madison
But some powers are denied to the States.
No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance or confederation.
No State can coin money.
No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports.
No State shall, without the consent of Congress, keep troops.
No State shall engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.
FYI – the state militia was to bear the brunt until Congress could act; during Washington’s two- term Presidency, the U.S. army grew from 840 men to 7,108 men.