1. Lesson 2: Tensions over Slavery and popular sovereignty
Unit 4: A Nation Divided
Lesson 2: Tensions over Slavery and popular sovereignty
Essential Question: How does the nullification crisis show growing division between the northern and southern states?

2. Continuing Standard 8
Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights ideology; include the role of John C. Calhoun and development of sectionalism.
Remember to take notes, but also complete the unit chart provided. It should be used as a study guide.

3. Tensions over slavery and states’ rights
The tension over slavery that strengthened during the early 1800s became an extension of the long lasting states’ rights issue
Rather than state leaders arguing over whether the institution of slavery was right or wrong, they began to argue over who had the power (the states or the National Government) to decide whether or not to allow slavery in a territory/state

4. The States’ Rights argument
The states’ rights dates back to creation of the Constitution- for as long as the United States existed the issue of the scope of power of the National Government was a biggie (and it still is today)
Whose right is it to tell states what they can or can’t do? Can states decide for themselves? Or should there be unity within the country?

5. Northern and Southern economies
The North:
Fishing, shipbuilding industry and naval supplies
Skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers, manufacturing (textiles, tools, metals, building materials, etc.)
Benefits from cheaper American manufactured goods (more people will buy American products
The South:
Large farms/plantations, cash crops
(tobacco, indigo, rice, cotton), wood products, small farms
Dependent on slavery

6. The Nullification Crisis
During the early 1800s, there was a rise of manufacturing in the North. In order to promote buyers to purchase American goods, the national government began imposing tariffs
Tariff = tax on imports
Imports = foreign goods
So, tariffs = more expensive foreign goods, which means
Tariffs = less expensive domestic goods

7. Tariffs sound good, right?
Tariffs were good for the north, as manufacturing was more concentrated there
But, tariffs weren’t as helpful for the southern economy, which requires trading raw materials with foreign countries
Tariffs = less Americans buying foreign goods, so
Tariffs = less foreign trade = less foreign countries buying cotton produced in the south

8. In 1828 Congress passed a high tariffs to protect manufactured goods
Who are the supporters and opponents of this tariffs?

9. Nullification
South Carolina (led by the current Vice President of the time, John C. Calhoun) disliked the “oppressive” new tariff
They declared to nullify the federal law, meaning they would not enforce the tariff in South Carolina
If the National Government forced them to comply, they threatened succession (separation from the Union)

10. Force Bill and Compromise
The current President, Andrew Jackson, requested that Congress authorize him to use military force in order to force SC to comply with the tariff
At the same time, a compromise tariff was passed in Congress that reduced tariffs within 10 years
So, no nullification, and no secession…

11. Exit Ticket! – Remember to add these questions to your warm-up questions!
How does the nullification crisis show growing division between the northern and southern states?
How does the nullification crisis relate to the growing issue of slavery and sectionalism in the United States in the Early 1800s?
Standard 9 and 10 vocabulary due today
Coach Book – Read page Answer the question on page 76 about Lincoln and #1-4 on page 77.