1. Immunology Essentials Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Chapter 28

2. Cells of the Immune System
Figure: 22-01
Caption:
Origin of major cells involved in the immune response. The end cells produced by two major precursor lines, one generating phagocytic cells (myeloid precursors) and the other generating lymphocytic cells (lymphoid precursors), participate directly in immune responses.

3. Two Circulatory System
Clicker Question: The primary lymphatic system is:
lymph nodes
brain.
heart.
bone marrow.
toe nails.
Figure: 22-02a
Caption:
The blood and lymph systems. (a) Overall view of the lymph system, showing the locations of major organs.

4. RBCs and WBCs
Caption:
Major immune cell types. (a) Phagocytic cells. The nucleated cell in the lower left center is a neutrophil (PMN), characterized by a segmented nucleus (violet stain) and granular cytoplasm. The nucleated cell to the right and slightly above the PMN is a monocyte. Phagocytes are 12–12 µm in diameter. The nonnucleated red blood cells are about 6 µm in diameter.

5. How to Recognize Non-Self from Self
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns
AND
Pattern Recognition Receptors
Innate Immunity: DESTROY !!
and
Present Antigen to Adaptive Immune Response

6. Adaptive Immune Responsse
Antigen exposure stimulates cells for form clones of B and T cells Clicker Question:
Ag = Antigen

7. Ag Presentation to T-cells

8. Ag Presentation to T-cells
Clicker Question:

9. Adaptive Immunity: Specificity, Memory, and Tolerance.
Clicker Question:

10. Adaptive Immunity: Specificity, Memory, and Tolerance.
Clicker Question:

11. The Classic Cellular Response: Positive TB skin test.
Clicker Question:

12. Clicker Question:

13. Clicker Question:

14. IgG Structure
Antibodies bind Ag by the FAB portion = Fragment Antigen Binding.
FC = Fragment-Constant region
FAB FC

15. IgG Structure
Clicker Question:

16. Antibody Production Against Protein Ags
Clicker Question:

17. When Ag binds foreign Cell: Yummy !
Clicker Question:

18. Abs can also bind Soluble Foreign Molecules

19. Inflammation of a Child’s Foot
Inflammation Characteristics:
Redness (erythema) b. swelling (edema)
c. Pain d. Heat.

20. Inflammation of a Child’s Foot
Inflammation can be caused by:
tissue injury. b. toxins. c. Ab-Ag complexes
Brought about by release of cytokines  capillary swelling + permeability

21. Local vs System Inflammation
Systemic Inflammation: Septic Shock or Anaphylatic Shock

22. Immunoglobin Illustration from 9th Ed

23. Importance of Natural Immunity

24. Active and Passive Immunity

25. HIV infection

26. Vaccines

27. Childhood Vaccination Schedule

28. Vaccines
Killed whole cell vaccines or inactivated whole virus vaccines.
Partially purified cell fractions: tuberculin (purified Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall.
Mixtures of pure polysaccharides. Pneumovax-23.
Synthetic peptides. Minimum size of protein to get an immune response = 100 aa’s long. Antigenic determinants are ~20 aa’s long. Therefore carrier proteins are needed. First done: Foot and Mouth disease in cattle.
DNA vaccines.

29. Hypersensitivities

30. Immediate Hypersensitivities: Allergies

31. Type 4 Delayed Type Hypersensitivity: Poison Ivy

32. Type 4 - Delayed Type Hypersensitivity The TB Skin Test

33. Autoimmune Diseases

34. Superantigens Mediate Pathological Inflammation
Figure: 28-17
Caption:
Bacterial superantigens act by binding to both the MHC protein and the TCR at positions outside the normal binding site. Because the superantigen-binding sites are found on conserved regions of MHC and TCR proteins, the superantigen can interact with large numbers of cells, stimulating massive T-cell activation, cytokine release, and even systemic inflammation.

35. Clonal Selection
Clicker Question:

36. T-Cell Clonal Selection