1. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON & W.E.B. DUBOIS
NEGRO STATUS AT TURN OF THE CENTURY

2. COMPROMISE OF 1877 ENDS RECONSTRUCTION FEDERAL TROOPS WITHDRAW
SOUTHERN WHITES SEEK “REDEMPTION.” RETURN OF WHITE SUPREMACY

3. TACTICS USED PHYSICAL INTIMIDATION BY KU KLUX KLAN
DENIAL OF VOTING RIGHTS BY USE OF:
POLL TAX
GRANDFATHER CLAUSE
LITERACY TESTS

4. “JIM CROW” SEGREGATION
SEPARATE SOCIETIES - ONE WHITE & ONE BLACK
ECONOMIC INTIMIDATION THRU SHARECROPPING SYSTEM AND BLACK CODES

5. WHITE SUPREMACY BY 1890 14TH AND 15TH AMENDMENTS IGNORED
NO EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAW
NO VOTING RIGHTS
MOST BLACK ARE SHARECROPPERS

6. THE SUPREME COURT UPHOLDS JIM CROW
CASE OF PLESSY V FERGUSON 1896
“IF ONE RACE BE INFERIOR THE CONSTITUTION CANNOT MAKE THEM EQUAL…”
“SEPARATE BUT EQUAL” BECOMES THE RULE

7. MORE ON PLESSY CASE VOTE WAS 8 TO 1
JUSTICE JOHN HARLAN DISSENTED: “THE CONSTITUTION MUST BE COLOR BLIND…”
SEGREGATION BECOMES WAY OF LIFE IN THE SOUTH

8. HOW SHOULD NEGROES DEAL WITH THEIR STATUS?
SHOULD THEY ACCOMMODATE?
SHOULD THEY CONFRONT THE INJUSTICE?
HOW WOULD YOU HAVE REACTED?

9. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON BORN A SLAVE
FOUNDED TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE 1881, IN ALABAMA
WROTE UP FROM SLAVERY
“NEGROES MUST PROVE THEMSELVES WORTHY”

10. BOOKER T. WASHINGTON

11. MORE ON WASHINGTON…
BECOME CRAFTSMEN & GOOD WORKERS. SEEK VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
BE A CREDIT TO YOUR RACE
DO NOT SEEK SOCIAL OR POLITICAL EQUALITY

12. MORE… WASHINGTON PROPOSED: “ATLANTA COMPROMISE”
“RACES ARE LIKE THE FINGERS OF A HAND. THEY ARE SEPARATE BUT CAN WORK TOGETHER…”

13. MORE ON WASHINGTON… “IT IS FOLLY TO SEEK SOCIAL EQUALITY…”
FORGET VOTING RIGHTS
CONFRONTATION WILL MAKE THINGS WORSE
EQUALITY MUST BE EARNED

14. WHITES HAIL WASHINGTON
PRES. ROOSEVELT INVITES HIM TO WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON IS VOICE OF THE NEGRO IN AMERICA
WHY WAS HE SO POPULAR WITH WHITES?

15. W.E.B. DUBOIS

16. W.E.B. DUBOIS REJECTS WASHINGTON’S APPROACH
WROTE: THE SOUL OF BLACK FOLKS, IN 1903
HELD PH.D. FROM HARVARD

17. DUBOIS’ APPROACH BLACKS MUST CONFRONT INJUSTICE & DEMAND RIGHTS
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION LIMITS NEGROES
BLACK COMMUNITY SHOULD FOCUS ON “THE TALENTED TENTH”

18. MORE ON DUBOIS POOL RESOURCES TO GIVE TALENTED TENTH HIGHER EDUCATION
THEY WILL BE FUTURE LEADERS & WIN EQUALITY IN COURTS

19. MORE… ONE OF FOUNDERS OF NIAGARA MOVEMENT 1905
AND NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE (N.A.A.C.P.) 1909
EDITOR OF CRISIS MAGAZINE

20. DUBOIS ON WASHINGTON: COMPROMISE IS APPROVAL OF SEGREGATION
WILL ERECT CLASS BARRIERS BASED ON RACE
CONDEMNS NEGROES TO 2ND CLASS CITIZENSHIP

21. MORE… WHITES WILL BELIEVE BLACKS ARE SATISFIED WITH INEQUALITY
NEGROES LIKE WASHINGTON HELP WHITES MAINTAIN THE STATUS QUO

22. WHO DO YOU THINK WAS RIGHT?
WHITES AT THE TIME SAW DUBOIS AS A TROUBLE MAKER
WHITES PRAISED WASHINGTON FOR HIS PATIENCE

23. WHICH WAY??