1. Lesson 2 Energy Transformations Lesson 3 Thermal Energy on the Move
Chapter Introduction
Lesson 1 Forms of Energy
Lesson 2 Energy Transformations
Lesson 3 Thermal Energy on the Move
Chapter Wrap-Up
Chapter Menu

2. What is energy, and what are energy transformations?
Chapter Introduction

3. What do you think?
Before you begin, decide if you agree or disagree with each of these statements. As you view this presentation, see if you change your mind about any of the statements.
Chapter Introduction

4. Do you agree or disagree?
1. A fast-moving baseball has more kinetic energy than a slow-moving baseball.
2. A large truck and a small car moving at the same speed have the same kinetic energy.
Chapter Introduction

5. Do you agree or disagree?
3. Energy can change from one form to another.
4. Energy is destroyed when you apply the brakes on a moving bicycle or a moving car.
Chapter Introduction

6. Do you agree or disagree?
5. Warm water sinks below cool water when they are in the same container.
6. Wearing a coat slows the loss of thermal energy from your body.
Chapter Introduction

7. Lesson 1 Reading Guide - KC
Forms of Energy
What is energy?
What are potential and kinetic energy?
How is energy related to work?
What are different forms of energy?
Lesson 1 Reading Guide - KC

8. Lesson 1 Reading Guide - Vocab
Forms of Energy
energy
kinetic energy
potential energy
work
mechanical energy
sound energy
thermal energy
electric energy
radiant energy
nuclear energy
Lesson 1 Reading Guide - Vocab

9. What is energy? Energy is the ability to cause change.
Energy can cause changes in the motions of objects.
energy
from Greek energeia, means “activity”
Lesson 1-1

10. What is energy? (cont.)
What is energy?
Lesson 1-1

11. Kinetic Energy—Energy of Motion
Kinetic energy is energy due to motion.
All moving objects have kinetic energy.
The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has.
If two objects move at the same speed, the object with more mass has more kinetic energy.
Lesson 1-2

12. The kinetic energy (KE) of an object depends on its speed and its mass
The kinetic energy (KE) of an object depends on its speed and its mass. The vertical bars show the kinetic energy of each vehicle.
Lesson 1-2

13. Kinetic Energy—Energy of Motion (cont.)
What is kinetic energy?
Lesson 1-2

14. Potential Energy—Stored Energy
Potential energy is stored energy due to the interactions between objects or particles.
The gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the object’s weight and height.
Elastic potential energy is energy stored in objects that are compressed or stretched.
Lesson 1-3

15. Chemical potential energy is energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms.
Lesson 1-3

16. Potential Energy—Stored Energy (cont.)
In what way are all forms of potential energy the same?
Lesson 1-3

17. Energy and Work
Work is the transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied over a distance.
Work depends on both force and distance.
You only do work on an object if that object moves.
Lesson 1-4

18. The girl does work on the box as she lifts it
The girl does work on the box as she lifts it. The work she does transfers energy to the box. The colored bars show the work that the girl does (W) and the box’s potential energy (PE).
Lesson 1-4

19. Energy and Work (cont.)
How is energy related to work?
Lesson 1-4

20. All energy can be measured in joules (J).
Lesson 1-5

21. Lesson 1-5

22. Lesson 1-5

23. Lesson 1-5

24. Other Forms of Energy
Describe three forms of energy.
Lesson 1-5

25. Energy is the ability to cause change.
The gravitational potential energy between an object and Earth increases when you lift the object.
You do work on an object when you apply a force to that object over a distance.
Lesson 1 - VS

26. Which type of energy is described as the total energy of an object or group of objects due to large-scale motions and interactions?
A. electric energy
B. mechanical energy
C. radiant energy
D. thermal energy
Lesson 1 – LR1

27. What is the transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied over a distance?
A. work
B. electric energy
C. kinetic energy
D. potential energy
Lesson 1 – LR2

28. Which term refers to energy due to motion?
A. kinetic energy
B. potential energy
C. sound energy
D. stored energy
Lesson 1 – LR3

29. Do you agree or disagree?
1. A fast-moving baseball has more kinetic energy than a slow-moving baseball.
2. A large truck and a small car moving at the same speed have the same kinetic energy.
Lesson 1 - Now

30. Lesson 2 Reading Guide - KC
Energy Transformations
What is the law of conservation of energy?
How does friction affect energy transformations?
How are different types of energy used?
Lesson 2 Reading Guide - KC

31. Lesson 2 Reading Guide - Vocab
Energy Transformations
law of conservation of energy
friction
Lesson 2 Reading Guide - Vocab

32. Changes Between Forms of Energy
The changes from one type of energy to another type of energy are called energy transformations.
Lesson 2-1

33. A microwave oven changes electric energy into radiant energy.
Lesson 2-1

34. Changes Between Forms of Energy (cont.)
radiant
Science Use transmitted by electromagnetic waves
Common Use bright and shining; glowing
Lesson 2-1

35. Changes Between Kinetic and Potential Energy
Energy changes between kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE) when a ball is thrown and moves upward and then downward.
Lesson 2-2

36. As the ball moves upward, its speed and kinetic energy decrease, but the potential energy is increasing because the ball’s height is increasing.
At the ball’s highest point, the gravitational potential energy is greatest, and the ball’s kinetic energy is the least.
Lesson 2-2

37. As the ball moves downward, potential energy decreases
As the ball moves downward, potential energy decreases. At the same time, the ball’s kinetic energy increases.
When the ball reaches the player’s hand again, its kinetic energy is at the maximum value again.
Lesson 2-2

38. The Law of Conservation of Energy
According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can be transformed from one form into another or transferred from one region to another, but energy cannot be created or destroyed.
What is the law of conservation of energy?
Lesson 2-3

39. The Law of Conservation of Energy (cont.)
Friction is a force that resists the sliding of two surfaces that are touching.
friction
from Latin fricare, means “to rub”
Lesson 2-3

40. Friction and the Law of Conservation of Energy
What happens to mechanical energy when you apply the bicycle brakes and the bicycle stops?
A moving bicycle has mechanical energy. When you apply the brakes, the bicycle’s mechanical energy is not destroyed.
Lesson 2-4

41. Friction and the Law of Conservation of Energy (cont.)
The mechanical energy is transformed into thermal energy. Friction between the brake pad and the moving wheel transforms mechanical energy into thermal energy.
There is always friction between any two surfaces that are rubbing against each other.
Lesson 2-4

42. Using Energy
When you use energy, you usually change it from one form into another.
All forms of energy can be transformed into thermal energy.
During photosynthesis, a plant transforms the Sun’s radiant energy into chemical energy that it stores in chemical compounds.
Lesson 2-4

43. Using Energy (cont.) What happens to energy when it is used?
Lesson 2-4

44. Using Energy (cont.)
When energy changes form, some thermal energy is always released.
Scientists often refer to thermal energy that cannot be used as waste energy.
Whenever energy is used, some energy is transformed into useful energy and some is transformed into waste energy.
Lesson 2-4

45. Energy can change form, but according to the law of conservation of energy, energy can never be created or destroyed.
Lesson 2 - VS

46. Friction transforms mechanical energy into thermal energy.
Different forms of energy, such as sound and radiant energy, are used when someone talks on a cell phone.
Lesson 2 - VS

47. All forms of energy can be transformed into what form of energy?
A. electric energy
B. radiant energy
C. sound energy
D. thermal energy
Lesson 2 – LR1

48. C. energy transformations D. law of conservation of energy
What term refers to the changes from one type of energy to another type of energy?
A. friction
B. potential energy
C. energy transformations
D. law of conservation of energy
Lesson 2 – LR2

49. During photosynthesis, a plant transforms the Sun’s radiant energy into what type of energy?
A. chemical energy
B. electric energy
C. kinetic energy
D. thermal energy
Lesson 2 – LR3

50. 3. Energy can change from one form to another.
Do you agree or disagree?
3. Energy can change from one form to another.
4. Energy is destroyed when you apply the brakes on a moving bicycle or a moving car.
Lesson 2 - Now

51. Lesson 3 Reading Guide - KC
Thermal Energy on the Move
What is heat?
How is thermal energy transferred?
Lesson 3 Reading Guide - KC

52. Lesson 3 Reading Guide - Vocab
Thermal Energy on the Move
heat
conduction
thermal conductor
thermal insulator
convection
radiation
Lesson 3 Reading Guide - Vocab

53. Heat
Heat is thermal energy moving from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.
Objects contain thermal energy, not heat.
Lesson 3-1

54. Heat (cont.)
How is heat related to thermal energy?
Lesson 3-1

55. Heat (cont.)
The movement of thermal energy causes changes in temperature.
Two objects in contact with each other at the same temperature are said to be in thermal equilibrium.
Lesson 3-1

56. Conduction
Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy due to collisions between particles in matter.
Lesson 3-2

57. Conduction (cont.) Conduction occurs in solids, liquids, and gases.
When faster-moving particles collide with nearby particles at slower speeds, thermal energy is transferred.
A material in which thermal energy moves quickly is called a thermal conductor.
Lesson 3-2

58. Conduction (cont.)
Solids are better thermal conductors than liquids and gases.
Most metals are excellent thermal conductors.
Lesson 3-2

59. Conduction (cont.)
A material in which thermal energy moves slowly is a thermal insulator.
A winter coat filled with an air-trapping material is a good example of a thermal insulator.
Lesson 3-2

60. Convection
Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another.
convection
from Latin convehere, means “to carry together”
Lesson 3-3

61. Convection (cont.) Convection occurs in liquids and gases.
Convection begins when part of a liquid or gas becomes warmer than the rest of it.
The cooler, denser liquid or gas falls, pushing the warmer, less dense liquid or gas to the top.
Lesson 3-3

62. Radiation
Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another by electromagnetic waves.
Radiation transfers thermal energy through matter or through space, where no matter exists.
Radiation occurs between objects that are not in contact.
Lesson 3-4

63. Radiation (cont.)
All objects give off electromagnetic waves, but most are not visible.
Extremely hot objects emit visible light.
Electromagnetic waves carry energy and radiation transfers this thermal energy from objects at higher temperatures to objects at lower temperatures.
Lesson 3-4

64. Radiation (cont.)
Lesson 3-4

65. The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves is radiation.
This hat, coat, and scarf are thermal insulators because thermal energy moves slowly through them.
The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another is convection.
The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves is radiation.
Lesson 3 - VS

66. Which term describes the transfer of thermal energy due to collisions between particles in matter?
A. conduction
B. convection
C. insulation
D. radiation
Lesson 3 – LR1

67. Which term describes a material in which thermal energy moves quickly?
A. particle
B. convection current
C. thermal conductor
D. electromagnetic conductor
Lesson 3 – LR2

68. Radiation is the movement of energy by which of these?
A. conduction
B. convection
C. electromagnetic waves
D. particles in motion
Lesson 3 – LR3

69. 6. Wearing a coat slows the loss of thermal energy from your body.
Do you agree or disagree?
5. Warm water sinks below cool water when they are in the same container.
6. Wearing a coat slows the loss of thermal energy from your body.
Lesson 3 - Now

70. Interactive Concept Map Chapter Review Standardized Test Practice
Key Concept Summary
Interactive Concept Map
Chapter Review
Standardized Test Practice
Chapter Review Menu

71. Energy is the ability to cause change
Energy is the ability to cause change. Energy transformations occur when one form of energy changes into another form of energy. Energy is conserved during energy transformations.
The BIG Idea

72. Lesson 1: Forms of Energy
Energy is the ability to cause change.
Kinetic energy is the energy a body has because it is moving. Potential energy is stored energy.
Work is the transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move in the direction of the force while the force is acting on the object.
Different forms of energy include thermal energy and radiant energy.
Key Concepts 1

73. Lesson 2: Energy Transformations
According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can be transformed from one form into another or transferred from one region to another, but energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Friction transforms mechanical energy into thermal energy.
Different types of energy are used in many ways including providing energy to move your body, to light a room, and to make and to receive cell phone calls.
Key Concepts 2

74. Lesson 3: Thermal Energy on the Move
Heat is thermal energy that moves from matter at a higher temperature to matter at a lower temperature.
A material through which thermal energy moves quickly is a thermal conductor.
There are three ways in which thermal energy is transferred—conduction, convection, and radiation.
Key Concepts 3

75. Which term describes the ability to cause change?
A. energy
B. friction
C. motion
D. work
Chapter Review – MC1

76. Which type of energy is due to the motion of particles that make up an object?
A. thermal energy
B. sound energy
C. radiant energy
D. kinetic energy
Chapter Review – MC2

77. What is a force that resists the sliding of two surfaces that are touching?
A. friction
B. work
C. kinetic energy
D. waste energy
Chapter Review – MC3

78. Most of the chemical energy used in cars ends up as what kind of energy?
A. waste energy
B. thermal energy
C. radiant energy
D. electric energy
Chapter Review – MC4

79. Which term describes a material in which thermal energy moves slowly?
A. particle
B. thermal conductor
C. thermal insulator
D. electromagnetic wave
Chapter Review – MC5

80. What term refers to the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another?
A. conduction
B. convection
C. heat
D. radiation
Chapter Review – MC6

81. What is another term for light energy carried by electromagnetic waves?
A. electric energy
B. mechanical energy
C. radiant energy
D. thermal energy
Chapter Review – STP1

82. Work depends on what two factors?
A. force and mass
B. mass and distance
C. force and distance
D. speed and mass
Chapter Review – STP2

83. Which is true according to the law of conservation of energy?
A. Energy can be created and destroyed.
B. Energy can be created, but not destroyed.
C. Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
D. Energy cannot be created, but can be destroyed.
Chapter Review – STP3

84. Friction between a bicycle’s brake pads and the moving wheels transforms mechanical energy into what kind of energy?
A. chemical energy
B. electric energy
C. potential energy
D. thermal energy
Chapter Review – STP4

85. What describes thermal energy moving from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature?
A. conduction
B. convection
C. friction
D. heat
Chapter Review – STP5