1. Urban Experience
Goal 5
Pg. 34

2. ~Rosa Cavalleri, Italian immigrant
IMMIGRATION
New Immigration, 1890
Eastern Europe
Germany, Italy, Russia, Poland (to East Coast)
Asian Immigration
Come to America to mine, worked on railroads, then as farmers (West Coast)
Hispanic Immigration
Come to the South and East for political freedom
“America…We were so near it seemed too much to believe. Everyone stood silent- like in prayer…Then we were entering the harbor. The land came so near we could almost reach out and touch it…everyone was holding their breath…”
~Rosa Cavalleri, Italian immigrant

3. Immigrants entered the U.S. primarily through two checkpoints
NEW LIFE
Immigrants entered the U.S. primarily through two checkpoints
1.Ellis Island, NY
immigrant processing
Physical exam, government inspection (criminal record)
2. Angel Island, SF
Harsher examinations, detentions
Waiting in line at Ellis Island in New York. This was the major immigrant in-processing station in the nation, as 17 million immigrants passed through its gates to gain entrance to the United States.

10. ~The Immigrant Experience~

11. Need a home and job in a brand new culture
NEW LIFE
-Culture Shock
Need a home and job in a brand new culture
ethnic communities
Similar language/customs
-Melting Pot
Mixing together of all cultures by assimilation
-Nativism
Favoring native-born Americans over immigrants
Chinese Exclusion Act
Banned Chinese immigration for 10 years
Once in America, new immigrants had to endure physical examinations (to check for disease and lice), as well as governmental examinations, which checked your criminal record in your previous country. While many were admitted, some were sent back home.

12. -immigrants settle in cities for cheap housing and available jobs
URBAN GROWTH
-immigrants settle in cities for cheap housing and available jobs
-decline of farmers
new technology, fewer workers
Most immigrants settled in and around the major cities because of their proximity to jobs, as well as allowing cultural groups to stay together. When this happened, places like “Little Italy” and “Chinatown” sprang up across major cities.

13. We cannot all live in the city, yet nearly all seem determined to do so.”
~Horace Greeley

14. URBAN PROBLEMS
-poor housing
row houses
Single-family dwellings that shared side walls with other similar houses
tenements
Multi-family dwellings; over-crowded, unsanitary
-transportation
Mass transit to move people to jobs (street car, subway)
-rising crime rates
Small police forces and the poor are very desperate

15. ~Anzia Yezierska, Russian Immigrant
“I looked about the narrow streets…ragged clothes, dirty bedding oozing out of the windows, ashcans and garbage cans cluttering the sidewalks. A vague sadness pressed down on my heart-the first doubt of America.”
~Anzia Yezierska, Russian Immigrant

16. URBAN PROBLEMS
Indoor plumbing rare, water unsafe to drink
Manure, sewage and trash in streets, foul air
Small fire departments with limited water supply
-pollution and disease
Lack of sanitation

17. ~Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives
“’One half of the world does not know how the other half lives.’ That was true then. It did not know because it did not care. The half that was on top cared little for the struggles, and less for the fate of those who were underneath, so long as it was able to hold them there.
“Suppose we look into a tenement on Cherry Street…Listen! That short hacking cough, that tiny helpless cry…The child is dying of measles. With half a chance it might have lived. But it had none. That dark bedroom killed it.”
~Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives

18. Christian theme of helping the less fortunate
RAISING AWARENESS
-Social Gospel
Christian theme of helping the less fortunate
Salvation Army
-Jacob Riis writes
“How the Other Half Lives”
Book about the urban poor written to get help -
Jacob Riis and Jane Addams crusade for the poor to improve their urban living conditions in the major cities.
“Presently she established a kindergarten, a gymnasium, evening classes, clubs for young people and clubs for old people, and a day nursery where workingwomen might leave their children. As her work advanced she experienced the need of more room and several buildings were added to the original brick Hull House.”

19. Jane Addams
-Becomes the founder of Hull House, Chicago
Settlement Houses
Community centers in slums that provide services to the poor
Presently she established a kindergarten, a gymnasium, evening classes, clubs for young people and clubs for old people, and a day nursery where workingwomen might leave their children. As her work advanced she experienced the need of more room and several buildings were added to the original brick Hull House.”