1. Exam Four material Assignment due: Exam Four: Chapter 20 Urinary
Packet 1 of 3, Exam Four
Exam Four material
Assignment due:
Exam Four:
Chapter 20 Urinary
Chapter 21 Balances

2. Kidney
Bean shaped
Retroperitoneal: _
Near _

4. Kidney Renal pelvis: _ ____________________: project from _
Subdivided into _
____________________: project from _

5. Kidney Inner region: _ Outer region: Contains Forms _
Granular appearance _

6. Kidney Function _ Remove ___________________________ from blood
Control ______________________________ by secreting _______________________
Regulate ____________________________ by enzyme ________________________
Activates _

7. Nephron The ______________________________ of the kidney Two sections
Renal corpuscle:
________________________________: leads away from the glomerular capsule.

8. Nephron Renal Tubule: Collecting Duct: Descending nephron loop
Ascending nephron loop
Collecting Duct:

9. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Contains both
At _________________________, the tubule passes by arterioles, and at some point, ___________________________.
This area of cells is the macula densa
Juxtaglomerular cells: _
JG apparatus: _

10. Nephrons Cortical nephron: _ Juxtamedullary nephrons:
Short loops that _
Juxtamedullary nephrons:

11. Shows both a cortical and Juxtamedullary nephron

12. Packet 1 of 3, Exam Four
Urine formation
Main function nephron:
Remove

13. Urine
Urine formation involves three processes: 1. 2. 3.

14. Glomerular Filtration
Fluids filtered out of __________________________ (capillaries) and into _
Glomerular capillaries are _

15. Glomerular filtration
__________________________________: the _____________________________ that leaves the capillaries and _
Mostly water
Also contains glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid and more

16. Filtration Pressure
_________________________________ responsible for getting material out of capillary and into glomerulus

17. GFR Glomerular Filtration Rate
_________________________________ to the filtration pressure

18. Regulation of GFR Remains relatively constant by autoregulation
If _________________________________ vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles (leading into glomerulus) 

19. Regulation of GFR
If ____________________________  __________________________ of afferent arterioles  increases filtration pressure 

20. Regulation of GFR Renin-angiotensin system
JG cells ___________________________________ when blood pressure is_
Macula densa senses _
When low, _

21. Renin
Renin enters blood stream
Reacts with plasma protein called

22. Renin Along the _____________________________ is an enzyme called
Angiotensin I in the presence of ACE will become

23. Angiotensin II
Major effect on the kidneys through the adrenal cortical _
Aldosterone: _

24. ANP Atrial natriuretic peptide
Affects _
ANP increases when _
Stimulates _
Increases

25. Tubular Reabsorption
_________________________________. Body needs to pull some substances out of the filtrate, such as _____________________________, and ________________________________ other substances.

26. Tubular reabsorption
Renal tubule runs alongside Peritubular ____________________ (2)

27. Tubular reabsorption
Segments of the tubule are adapted to reabsorb specific substances
Water: through _

28. Diuresis
Any
Called _

29. Tubular reabsorption Amino acids: reabsorbed in_________________ by _
Proteins: Glomerular filtrate has little protein except for small albumins: _
Also reabsorbs: creatine, lactic, citric, uric and ascorbic acids, phosphate, sulfate, calcium, potassium and sodium

30. Tubular reabsorption
If more _
Converse true as well.

31. Tubular reabsorption The PCT reabsorbs about 70% of water and ions.
By end of PCT the _________________________________: concentration in the __________ is same as concentration in the _

32. Distal Collecting Tubule
At end of PCT conditions isotonic
At beginning of _________________________________
________________________ cells are ________________________ to water. Even if the balance is uneven, _

33. Antidiuretic hormone
Posterior lobe of _______________________ releases _______________ when body’s water concentrations _
ADH ________________________________ and water is moved _
Urine volume

34. Countercurrent system
Countercurrent Multiplier System 1) Each region has a special permeability for water, ions, and/or urea 2) Interstitial spaces accumulate ions and urea to build up a ________________________________ that increases with depth into the medulla

35. Countercurrent system
3) Parallel to nephrons lies a capillary network which has freely permeable walls. These capillaries passively participate in maintenance of the concentration gradient in the interstitium by removal of reabsorbed _

36. Tubular Secretion
Substances move from __________________ of capillary to _
Secretes

37. Urine formation Glomerular filtration:
Tubular reabsorption: filtrate in tubule sends _
Glucose, water, etc
Tubular secretion: materials in _

38. Urine Elimination
Forms in _
Passes into _
Enters _