1. Air quality and potential health hazards of radioactive materials and heavy metals associated with contaminated dusts in Amman, Jordan.
By: Hadeel Al Dwaikat
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2. Introduction
This research discusses the air quality and pollutant in Amman, Jordan during , and the potential health hazards associated with those pollutant.
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3. Types of Studied Samples
1-Streets dust samples (110), gathered by brushing, twice a year, in winter (January) and in Summer (August).
2-Air dust samples (400) gathered by manual dust collector, on a monthly basses for one whole year.
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4. Studied Samples Locations Figure 1: A map of Amman and Al Rusaifa study areas showing the location of the street samples and dust collectors
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5. Figure 2: The design of the directional dust collector used in this study.
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6. Table 1: Locations of the collector’s installation sites, and reasons for choosing them.
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7. Studied Air Pollutants in related with health hazard
1-Heavy Metals
2-Radioactive Elements
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8. Table 2: List of the heavy metals, essential, toxic, natural, and anthropogenic in origin
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10. Table 3: The international standards used in this study, for trigger concentration of heavy metals (µg/g air –dried sediments ).
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11. Heavy metals concentration
Streets Dust Samples
Heavy metals concentration
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12. Table 4: Winter street sample heavy metal concentrations, and their relation to international standards (the bold font values are those exceeding the international triggers)
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13. Table 5: Summer street sample heavy metal concentrations, and their relation to international standards (the bold font values are those exceeding the international triggers)
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14. Figure 3: Street sample heavy metal mean concentrations, their temporal distribution and relation to the international trigger value (the red arrows point to the Pb, Ni and values exceeding the international triggers).
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15. Figure 4: The spatial distribution of the heavy metal trigger values in street samples (mean concentrations).
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16. Collector Dust Samples Heavy metals concentration
Giving according to seasons
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17. Table 6: Spring dust collector sample heavy metal concentrations, and their relation to international standards (the bold font values are those exceeding the international triggers)
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18. Table 7: Summer dust collector sample heavy metal concentrations, and their relation to international standards (the bold font values are those exceeding the international triggers
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19. Table 8: Autumn dust collector sample heavy metal concentrations, and their relation to international standards (the bold font values are those exceeding the international triggers)
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20. Table 9: Winter dust collector sample heavy metal concentrations, and their relation to international standards (the bold font values are those exceeding the international triggers).
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21. Figure 5: Collector sample mean heavy metals concentrations, their temporal distribution and relation to the international trigger values (the red arrows point to the values exceeding the international triggers
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22. Figure 6: The spatial distribution of the mean heavy metal trigger values in the dust collector samples.
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23. Radioactive concentration
Streets Dust Samples
Radioactive concentration
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24. Table 10: The radioactive protection standards, their publication date and dose recommendations
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25. Figure 9: An overview of the natural radioactive materials effects on human health
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26. Table 11: Annual effective dose (mSv/yr) from natural nuclides in the street samples of January 2001, and their relation to international limits.
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27. Table 12: Annual effective dose (mSv/yr) from natural nuclides in August 2001 street samples, and their relation to international limits
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28. Figure 10: Street samples spatial and temporal distribution for the mean values of total normal annual effective radiation dose, exceeding the limits of 0.3 and 1 mSv/yr.
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29. Figure 11: The mean values of the total annual effective dose (mSv/yr) from natural nuclides in the street samples during January and August 2001, and their relation to international limits.
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30. Collector Dust Samples Radioactive concentration
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31. Table 13: Annual effective dose (mSv/yr) in the dust collectors from natural nuclides in the spring collector samples, and their relation to international limits.
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32. Table 14: Annual effective dose (mSv/yr) from natural nuclides in the summer collector samples, and their relation to international limits.
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33. Table 15: Annual effective dose (mSv/yr) from natural nuclides in the autumn collector samples, and their relation to international limits.
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34. Table16: Annual effective dose (mSv /yr) from natural nuclides in the winter collector samples, and their relation to international limits.
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35. Figure 12: Collector samples spatial and temporal distribution for the mean values of normal total annual effective dose which exceed the limits of 0.3 and 1 mSv/yr from radionuclides.
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36. Figure 13: Radionuclides mean dose distribution in the dust collectors, during the four seasons. (Please note that the reddish areas are the highest value in each season and that each pie chart is located in the highest effective dose locations).
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37. Figure 14: The mean values of the total annual effective dose (mSv/yr) from natural nuclides in the collector samples, and their relation with international limits.
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38. 1- The radioactive Results
Conclosions
The findings and results of this research in regards the potential health hazards associated with contaminated dusts can be concluding as follows
1- The radioactive Results
1-The Street’s and collector’s dust measurements for one whole year of dust gathering from different wind directions show no values of the effective dose lower than the 0.3 mSv/yr level recommended by the (2003) standards, and 24% of them are higher than the 1 mSv/yr in the (2000) standards.
2- This could be due to the local radioactivity in potential source materials, but the possibility of wind transporting radioactive dusts from surrounding countries cannot be ignored.
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39. 2- The heavy metals
1-The research establishes that the heavy metals concentration in street samples, based on their relation to international standards, does not pose a threat to human health while those associated with the dust collected from the air do present a health hazard.
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40. Those finding can be considered as a serious threat to public health.
Recommendations
Those finding can be considered as a serious threat to public health.
Further studies and actions need to be undertaken to establish better understanding and handling for those sensitive subject.
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